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Adultério na Bíblia: o que diz o Antigo Testamento e Jesus

A lei do adultério no Antigo Testamento

A Bíblia define o adultério como a quebra da aliança conjugal por meio de relações íntimas fora do casamento, tratando-o como pecado grave contra o cônjuge e contra Deus. A proibição é expressa no sétimo mandamento entregue a Moisés, tornando a fidelidade no matrimônio um pilar central da lei bíblica.

Don’t commit any sex act with any other man’s wife. This would pollute you and make you unclean.(Leviticus 18:20)

Any man who commits adultery with someone else’s wife must be executed, as well as the woman.(Leviticus 20:10)

Nos livros de sabedoria, o adultério é descrito como perda completa de juízo moral. A infidelidade destrói a integridade, traz vergonha pública e desfaz a paz familiar de forma irreversível.

Can you put fire in your lap and not burn your clothes? Can you walk on hot coals and not scorch your feet? It’s the same for anyone who sleeps with another man’s wife. No one who touches her will remain unpunished.(Proverbs 6:27-29)

Any man who commits adultery with a woman has no sense; he who does so destroys himself. He will be wounded and dishonored. His disgrace will never be removed. For jealousy makes a husband furious, and he won’t hold back when he takes revenge. He refuses any compensation, and won’t be paid off, however big the amount.(Proverbs 6:32-35)

O que Jesus ensinou sobre o adultério

No Sermão do Monte, Jesus aprofunda o entendimento do mandamento: o adultério não se limita ao ato físico consumado, mas nasce no olhar intencional e no desejo alimentado no coração.

You’ve heard that the law said, ‘Don’t commit adultery.’ But I tell you that everyone who looks lustfully at a woman has already committed adultery with her in his mind.(Matthew 5:27,28)

For what comes from the mind are evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false witness, and blasphemy(Matthew 15:19)

Jesus também tratou da fidelidade conjugal ao ensinar sobre o divórcio, apontando que o casamento foi desenhado para ser uma aliança permanente e protegida.

But I tell you that any man who divorces his wife except for sexual immorality causes her to commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery.(Matthew 5:32)

"Any man who divorces his wife and marries again commits adultery against her," he told them. "And if the wife divorces her husband and marries again she commits adultery."(Mark 10:11,12)

Any man who divorces his wife and marries someone else commits adultery, and a man who marries a divorced woman commits adultery.(Luke 16:18)

Diante da mulher surpreendida em adultério, Jesus demonstrou tanto a gravidade da lei quanto a extensão do perdão: Ele não minimizou o pecado, mas ofereceu acolhimento e ordenou o abandono daquela prática.

They said to Jesus, "Teacher, this woman was caught in the act of adultery. Now in the Law Moses commanded us to stone such women. What do you say?" They said this to try and trap Jesus so they could condemn him. But Jesus bent down and wrote on the ground with his finger.

They kept on demanding an answer, so he stood up and told them, "Whichever one of you has never sinned may throw the first stone at her." Then he bent down again and went on writing on the ground.

When they heard this they began to leave, one by one, starting with the oldest, leaving Jesus alone in the middle of the crowd with the woman still standing there. Jesus straightened up and asked her, "Where are they? Didn’t anybody stay to condemn you?"

"No one did, sir," she replied.

"I don’t condemn you either," Jesus told her. "Go, and don’t sin anymore."(John 8:4-11)

Advertências e consequências nas Escrituras

O livro de Provérbios dedica diversos capítulos a advertir sobre o engano do adultério, que promete prazer imediato, mas termina em amargura, perda de honra e destruição espiritual.

What happens in her house leads to death; following her way leads to the grave. No one who goes to her comes back; they don’t ever find the way back to life again.(Proverbs 2:18,19)

For the lips of an immoral woman may taste as sweet as honey, the kisses of her mouth may be as smooth as oil, but in the end what you get from her is the bitterness of wormwood and the sharp pain of being cut with a two-edged sword. She leads you down to death; she takes you down to the grave. She doesn’t follow the path that leads to life—she wanders away and doesn’t even know she’s lost.

Now, my son, listen to me; don’t reject what I have taught you. Stay far away from her! Don’t go near the door of her house! Otherwise you’ll surrender your honor to others, and your character to cruel people.(Proverbs 5:3-9)

Stay far away from her! Don’t go near the door of her house! Otherwise you’ll surrender your honor to others, and your character to cruel people. Strangers will spend your wealth; everything you’ve worked for will go to someone else. When you come to the end of your life you’ll moan in pain as disease destroys your body. You’ll say, "How I used to hate discipline, and my mind rebelled against being corrected! I didn’t listen to what my teacher said. I didn’t pay attention to my instructors. Now I’m on the verge of being completely disgraced before everyone in the community."(Proverbs 5:8-14)

May she be to you a loving deer, a graceful doe. May her breasts always be intoxicating to you; may you be drunk on her love forever. Why, my son, become intoxicated with an immoral woman? Why embrace the breasts of a woman who acts like a prostitute?(Proverbs 5:19,20)

The seductive words of an immoral woman are a dangerous trap—if the Lord’s angry with you, then you’ll fall right in.(Proverbs 22:14)

Nas cartas apostólicas, a orientação à igreja é clara: honrar o casamento, controlar os próprios desejos e fugir das ocasiões de pecado, buscando uma vida guiada pelo Espírito.

What God wants is for you to live holy lives. So stay away from sexual immorality in order that each of you may control yourselves in a way that is holy and respectful, not indulging passionate lust like the heathen who have no knowledge of God.(1 Thessalonians 4:3-5)

Stay away from sexual immorality! All other sins that people commit are outside of the body, but sexual immorality is a sin against your own body.(1 Corinthians 6:18)

My advice is to walk by the Spirit. Don’t satisfy the desires of your sinful human nature. For the desires of the sinful nature are opposed to the Spirit, and the desires of the Spirit are opposed to the sinful nature. They fight one another, so you don’t do what you want to do.(Galatians 5:16,17)

It’s clear what the sinful human nature produces: sexual immorality, indecency, sensuality, idolatry, sorcery, hatred, rivalry, jealousy, anger, selfish ambition, dissension, heresy, envy, drunkenness, feasting, and similar things. As I warned you before so I warn you again: nobody who behaves like this will inherit the kingdom of God.(Galatians 5:19-21)

Everyone should honor marriage. Husbands and wives should be faithful to each other. God will judge adulterers.(Hebrews 13:4)

A Bíblia também emprega o adultério em sentido figurado para alertar contra a infidelidade espiritual, quando o coração de quem professa fé se volta para os valores contrários a Deus.

You adulterous people! Don’t you realize that friendship with the world is hatred towards God? Those who want to be friends of the world make themselves enemies of God.(James 4:4)

I gave her time to repent of her sexual sins, but she’s not willing to repent. So I’m throwing her into a bed together with her adulterous partners and they will suffer terribly unless they repent of what they have done with her.(Revelation 2:21,22)

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