Adultério na Bíblia: o que diz o Antigo Testamento e Jesus
A lei do adultério no Antigo Testamento
A Bíblia define o adultério como a quebra da aliança conjugal por meio de relações íntimas fora do casamento, tratando-o como pecado grave contra o cônjuge e contra Deus. A proibição é expressa no sétimo mandamento entregue a Moisés, tornando a fidelidade no matrimônio um pilar central da lei bíblica.
You do not commit adultery.(Exodus 20:14)
And you do not give your seed [from] intercourse to the wife of your fellow, to become unclean with her.(Leviticus 18:20)
And a man who commits adultery with a man’s wife—who commits adultery with the wife of his neighbor—the adulterer and the adulteress are surely put to death.(Leviticus 20:10)
Nos livros de sabedoria, o adultério é descrito como perda completa de juízo moral. A infidelidade destrói a integridade, traz vergonha pública e desfaz a paz familiar de forma irreversível.
Does a man take fire into his bosom, || And are his garments not burned? Does a man walk on the hot coals, || And are his feet not scorched? So [is] he who has gone in to the wife of his neighbor, || None who touches her is innocent.(Proverbs 6:27-29)
He who commits adultery [with] a woman lacks heart, || He who does it is destroying his soul. He finds a stroke and shame, || And his reproach is not wiped away, For jealousy [is] the fury of a man, || And he does not spare in a day of vengeance. He does not accept the appearance of any atonement, || Indeed, he does not consent, || Though you multiply bribes!(Proverbs 6:32-35)
O que Jesus ensinou sobre o adultério
No Sermão do Monte, Jesus aprofunda o entendimento do mandamento: o adultério não se limita ao ato físico consumado, mas nasce no olhar intencional e no desejo alimentado no coração.
You heard that it was said to the ancients: You will not commit adultery; but I say to you that everyone who is looking on a woman to desire her, already committed adultery with her in his heart.(Matthew 5:27,28)
for out of the heart come forth evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, whoredoms, thefts, false witnessings, slanders:(Matthew 15:19)
Jesus também tratou da fidelidade conjugal ao ensinar sobre o divórcio, apontando que o casamento foi desenhado para ser uma aliança permanente e protegida.
but I say to you that whoever may put away his wife, except for the matter of whoredom, makes her to commit adultery; and whoever may marry her who has been put away commits adultery.(Matthew 5:32)
and He says to them, "Whoever may put away his wife, and may marry another, commits adultery against her; and if a woman may put away her husband, and is married to another, she commits adultery."(Mark 10:11,12)
Everyone who is sending his wife away, and marrying another, commits adultery; and everyone who is marrying her sent away from a husband commits adultery.(Luke 16:18)
Diante da mulher surpreendida em adultério, Jesus demonstrou tanto a gravidade da lei quanto a extensão do perdão: Ele não minimizou o pecado, mas ofereceu acolhimento e ordenou o abandono daquela prática.
they say to Him, "Teacher, this woman was taken in the very crime [of] committing adultery, and in the Law, Moses commanded us that such be stoned; You, therefore, what do You say?" And this they said, trying Him, that they might have to accuse Him. And Jesus, having stooped down, with the finger He was writing on the ground, and when they continued asking Him, having bent Himself back, He said to them, "The sinless of you—let him cast the first stone at her"; and again having stooped down, He was writing on the ground, and they having heard, and being convicted by the conscience, were going forth one by one, having begun from the elders—to the last; and Jesus was left alone, and the woman standing in the midst. And Jesus having bent Himself back, and having seen no one but the woman, said to her, "Woman, where are those—your accusers? Did no one pass sentence on you?" And she said, "No one, Lord"; and Jesus said to her, "Neither do I pass sentence on you; be going on, and sin no more."]](John 8:4-11)
Advertências e consequências nas Escrituras
O livro de Provérbios dedica diversos capítulos a advertir sobre o engano do adultério, que promete prazer imediato, mas termina em amargura, perda de honra e destruição espiritual.
For her house has inclined to death, || And her paths to Rephaim. None going in to her return, || Nor do they reach the paths of life.(Proverbs 2:18,19)
For the lips of a strange woman drop honey, || And her mouth [is] smoother than oil, And her latter end [is] bitter as wormwood, || Sharp as a sword [with] mouths. Her feet are going down to death, || Her steps take hold of Sheol. The path of life—lest you ponder, || Her paths have moved—you do not know. And now, you sons, listen to me, || And do not turn from sayings of my mouth. Keep your way far from off her, || And do not come near to the opening of her house, Lest you give your splendor to others, || And your years to the fierce,(Proverbs 5:3-9)
Keep your way far from off her, || And do not come near to the opening of her house, Lest you give your splendor to others, || And your years to the fierce, Lest strangers be filled [with] your power, || And your labors in the house of a stranger, And you have howled in your latter end, || In the consumption of your flesh and your food, And have said, "How I have hated instruction, || And my heart has despised reproof, And I have not listened to the voice of my teachers, || And have not inclined my ear to my teachers. As a little thing I have been all evil, || In the midst of an assembly and a congregation."(Proverbs 5:8-14)
A doe of loves, and a roe of grace! Let her loves satisfy you at all times, || Magnify yourself in her love continually. And why do you magnify yourself, || My son, with a stranger? And embrace the bosom of a strange woman?(Proverbs 5:19,20)
The mouth of strange women [is] a deep pit, || The abhorred of YHWH falls there.(Proverbs 22:14)
Nas cartas apostólicas, a orientação à igreja é clara: honrar o casamento, controlar os próprios desejos e fugir das ocasiões de pecado, buscando uma vida guiada pelo Espírito.
for this is the will of God—your sanctification: that you abstain from the whoredom, that each of you know to possess his own vessel in sanctification and honor, not in the affection of desire, as also the nations that were not knowing God,(1 Thessalonians 4:3-5)
flee the whoredom; every sin—whatever a man may commit—is outside the body, and he who is committing whoredom sins against his own body.(1 Corinthians 6:18)
And I say, walk in the Spirit, and you may not fulfill the desire of the flesh; for the flesh desires contrary to the Spirit, and the Spirit contrary to the flesh, and these are opposed to one another, that the things that you may will—these you may not do;(Galatians 5:16,17)
And the works of the flesh are also evident, which are: adultery, whoredom, uncleanness, licentiousness, idolatry, witchcraft, enmities, strife, jealousy, wraths, rivalries, dissensions, sects, envyings, murders, drunkenness, reveling, and such like, of which I tell you before, as I also said before, that those doing such things will not inherit the Kingdom of God.(Galatians 5:19-21)
The marriage [is to be] honored by all, and the bed undefiled, for God will judge whoremongers and adulterers.(Hebrews 13:4)
A Bíblia também emprega o adultério em sentido figurado para alertar contra a infidelidade espiritual, quando o coração de quem professa fé se volta para os valores contrários a Deus.
Adulterers and adulteresses! Have you not known that friendship of the world is enmity with God? Whoever, then, may intend to be a friend of the world, he is designated [as] an enemy of God.(James 4:4)
and I gave to her a time that she might convert from her whoredom, and she did not convert; behold, I will cast her into a bed, and those committing adultery with her into great tribulation—if they may not convert from her works,(Revelation 2:21,22)
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