Pular para o conteúdo
Publicidade

O significado de espírito na Bíblia: corpo, alma e fôlego

O que significa espírito na Bíblia

Na Bíblia, a palavra "espírito" traduz o hebraico ruach e o grego pneuma, que significam literalmente sopro, vento ou fôlego de vida. As Escrituras usam o termo principalmente em três sentidos: o sopro divino que concede vida biológica ao ser humano, a dimensão imaterial e profunda da pessoa (onde ocorrem a consciência e a comunhão com o Criador) e o próprio Deus — em especial a pessoa do Espírito Santo.

Diferente do corpo material, o espírito humano representa o íntimo do ser, a vida que volta a Deus quando o corpo morre:

In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. And the earth was waste and empty, and darkness was on the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.(Genesis 1:1,2)

But there is a spirit which is in man; and the breath of the Almighty giveth them understanding.(Job 32:8)

— before the silver cord be loosed, or the golden bowl be broken, or the pitcher be shattered at the fountain, or the wheel be broken at the cistern; and the dust return to the earth as it was, and the spirit return unto God who gave it.(Ecclesiastes 12:6,7)

For as the body without a spirit is dead, so also faith without works is dead.(James 2:26)

For the word of God is living and operative, and sharper than any two-edged sword, and penetrating to the division of soul and spirit, both of joints and marrow, and a discerner of the thoughts and intents of theheart.(Hebrews 4:12)

Put not confidence in nobles, in a son of man, in whom there is no salvation. His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very day his purposes perish.(Psalms 146:3,4)

O conflito entre a carne e o espírito

No Novo Testamento, os autores bíblicos contrastam com frequência o espírito e a "carne". Enquanto "carne" descreve a natureza humana inclinada ao pecado e marcada pela fragilidade moral, o "espírito" renovado por Deus inclina a pessoa a obedecer à vontade do Criador.

No Getsêmani, Jesus apontou essa fragilidade ao advertir os apóstolos a orar e vigiar, pois a disposição interior não anula a fraqueza humana sem a dependência de Deus:

Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation: the spirit indeed is ready, but the flesh weak.(Matthew 26:41)

But I say, Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall no way fulfil flesh’s lust.(Galatians 5:16)

For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh: and these things are opposed one to the other, that ye should not do those things which ye desire;(Galatians 5:17)

But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, long-suffering, kindness, goodness, fidelity, meekness, self-control: against such things there is no law.(Galatians 5:22,23)

For the mind of the flesh is death; but the mind of the Spirit life and peace.(Romans 8:6)

Having therefore these promises, beloved, let us purify ourselves from every pollution of flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in God’s fear.(2 Corinthians 7:1)

A habitação do Espírito Santo no crente

A teologia bíblica ensina que a vida cristã não se sustenta no esforço puramente humano. A partir da fé em Cristo, o Espírito Santo passa a habitar no interior do crente, transformando seu corpo em templo e dando testemunho de que ele foi adotado como filho de Deus:

Do ye not know that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit which is in you, which ye have of God; and ye are not your own? for ye have been bought with a price: glorify now then God in your body.(1 Corinthians 6:19,20)

For who of men hath known the things of a man except the spirit of the man which is in him? thus also the things of God knows no one except the Spirit of God.(1 Corinthians 2:11)

but if Christ be in you, the body is dead on account of sin, but the Spirit life on account of righteousness.(Romans 8:10)

for as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God.(Romans 8:14)

For ye have not received a spirit of bondage again for fear, but ye have received a spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father. The Spirit itself bears witness with our spirit, that we are children of God.(Romans 8:15,16)

And in like manner the Spirit joins also its help to our weakness; for we do not know what we should pray for as is fitting, but the Spirit itself makes intercession with groanings which cannot be uttered.(Romans 8:26)

in order that he may give you according to the riches of his glory, to be strengthened with power by his Spirit in the inner man; that the Christ may dwell, through faith, in your hearts, being rooted and founded in love,(Ephesians 3:16,17)

that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, would give you the spirit of wisdom and revelation in the full knowledge of him,(Ephesians 1:17)

Hereby we know that we abide in him and he in us, that he has given to us of his Spirit.(1 John 4:13)

If therefore ye, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much rather shall the Father who is of heaven give the Holy Spirit to them that ask him?(Luke 11:13)

And there appeared to them parted tongues, as of fire, and it sat upon each one of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit, and began to speak with other tongues as the Spirit gave to them to speak forth.(The Acts 2:3,4)

for I know that this shall turn out for me to salvation, through your supplication and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ;(Philippians 1:19)

Now the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, so that ye should abound in hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.(Romans 15:13)

Adoração em espírito e renovação da mente

Ao conversar com a mulher samaritana, Jesus afirmou que Deus é espírito. Isso significa que o relacionamento com o Criador não está preso a montanhas, ritos exteriores ou templos locais, mas exige sinceridade interior e conformidade com a verdade bíblica:

But the hour is coming and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and truth; for also the Father seeks such as his worshippers. God is a spirit; and they who worship him must worship him in spirit and truth.(John 4:23,24)

What is it then? I will pray with the spirit, but I will pray also with the understanding; I will sing with the spirit, but I will sing also with the understanding.(1 Corinthians 14:15)

as to diligent zealousness, not slothful; in spirit fervent; serving the Lord.(Romans 12:11)

But we all, looking on the glory of the Lord, with unveiled face, are transformed according to the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Lord the Spirit.(2 Corinthians 3:18)

For God has not given us a spirit of cowardice, but of power, and of love, and of wise discretion.(2 Timothy 1:7)

As promessas proféticas e o discernimento

Os profetas do Antigo Testamento anunciaram que Deus colocaria um espírito novo e retiraria o coração insensível de Seu povo. O texto sagrado também orienta o crente a exercer domínio sobre as próprias reações e a discernir as influências espirituais à luz da Palavra:

And I will give them one heart, and I will put a new spirit within you; and I will take away the stony heart out of their flesh, and will give them a heart of flesh; that they may walk in my statutes, and keep mine ordinances, and do them; and they shall be my people, and I will be their God(Ezekiel 11:19,20)

Thus saith the Lord Jehovah unto these bones: Behold, I will cause breath to enter into you, and ye shall live.(Ezekiel 37:5)

The Spirit of the Lord Jehovah is upon me, because Jehovah hath anointed me to announce glad tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the broken-hearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and opening of the prison to them that are bound;(Isaiah 61:1)

And he answered and spoke unto me, saying, This is the word of Jehovah unto Zerubbabel, saying, Not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith Jehovah of hosts.(Zechariah 4:6)

Turn you at my reproof: behold, I will pour forth my spirit unto you, I will make known to you my words.(Proverbs 1:23)

All the ways of a man are clean in his own eyes; but Jehovah weigheth the spirits.(Proverbs 16:2)

Pride goeth before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall.

Better is it to be of a humble spirit with the meek, than to divide the spoil with the proud.(Proverbs 16:18,19)

He that is slow to anger is better than the mighty, and he that ruleth his spirit than he that taketh a city.(Proverbs 16:32)

Man’s spirit is the lamp of Jehovah, searching all the inner parts of the belly.(Proverbs 20:27)

Beloved, believe not every spirit, but prove the spirits, if they are of God; because many false prophets are gone out into the world.(1 John 4:1)

It hath seemed good unto me to declare the signs and wonders that the Most High God hath wrought toward me. How great are his signs! and how mighty are his wonders! His kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and his dominion is from generation to generation.(Daniel 4:2,3)

A postura correta diante de Deus: humildade de espírito

A Bíblia destaca que Deus acolhe quem reconhece a própria dependência e necessidade de perdão. Quando o rei Davi se arrependeu de seus pecados graves, ele pediu não poder terreno, mas a renovação de um espírito íntegro em seu interior:

Create in me a clean heart, O God and renew a steadfast spirit within me. Cast me not away from thy presence, and take not the spirit of thy holiness from me. Restore unto me the joy of thy salvation, and let a willing spirit sustain me.(Psalms 51:10-12)

The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit: a broken and a contrite heart, O God thou wilt not despise.(Psalms 51:17)

Jehovah is nigh to those that are of a broken heart, and saveth them that are of a contrite spirit.(Psalms 34:18)

Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of the heavens.(Matthew 5:3)

Seja o primeiro

Este artigo te tocou? Faça uma oração!

+581 estão orando agora.

Junte-se à corrente de oração.