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O significado de espírito na Bíblia: corpo, alma e fôlego

O que significa espírito na Bíblia

Na Bíblia, a palavra "espírito" traduz o hebraico ruach e o grego pneuma, que significam literalmente sopro, vento ou fôlego de vida. As Escrituras usam o termo principalmente em três sentidos: o sopro divino que concede vida biológica ao ser humano, a dimensão imaterial e profunda da pessoa (onde ocorrem a consciência e a comunhão com o Criador) e o próprio Deus — em especial a pessoa do Espírito Santo.

Diferente do corpo material, o espírito humano representa o íntimo do ser, a vida que volta a Deus quando o corpo morre:

[All of that] Beginnings [stuff] God-Elōhīm [The Living Word of GOD] created the ‘Universe and Everything in it.’

and the earth became without form, and void; and darkness [was] upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God-Elōhīm [Messiah Pre-Incarnate] moved upon the face of the waters.(Genesis 1:1,2)

But [there is] a spirit in man: and the inspiration of the Almighty gives them understanding.(Job 32:8)

Or ever the silver cord be loosed, or the golden bowl be broken, or the pitcher be broken at the fountain, or the wheel broken at the cistern.

Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was: and the spirit shall return unto God-Elōhīm (The Living Word) [The Many Powered] who gave it.(Ecclesiastes 12:6,7)

For as the body without the Spirit [Ruach] is dead, so faith without works is dead also.(Jacob 2:26)

For the word of God-The Father [is] quick, and powerful, and sharper than any twoedged sword, piercing even to the expounding (dissecting) asunder of soul and Spirit [Ruach], and of the joints and marrow, and [is] a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart.(Hebrews 4:12)

Put not your trust in princes, [nor] in the son of man, in whom [there is] no help.

His breath goes forth, he returns to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish.(Tehillim - Psalms 146:3,4)

O conflito entre a carne e o espírito

No Novo Testamento, os autores bíblicos contrastam com frequência o espírito e a "carne". Enquanto "carne" descreve a natureza humana inclinada ao pecado e marcada pela fragilidade moral, o "espírito" renovado por Deus inclina a pessoa a obedecer à vontade do Criador.

No Getsêmani, Jesus apontou essa fragilidade ao advertir os apóstolos a orar e vigiar, pois a disposição interior não anula a fraqueza humana sem a dependência de Deus:

"Watch and pray lest you enter into temptation, because truly the Spirit [Ruach] is ready to go to its creator, but the flesh is weak and sick".(Gosel 26:41)

[This] I say then, Walk in the Spirit [Ruach], and you2f shall not fulfill the lust of the flesh.(Galatians 5:16)

For the flesh lusts against the Spirit [Ruach], and the Spirit [Ruach] against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that you2f cannot do the things that you2f would.(Galatians 5:17)

But the fruit of the Spirit [Ruach] is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith,

Meekness, self-control: against such there is no law.(Galatians 5:22,23)

If we live in the Spirit [Ruach], let us also walk in the Spirit [Ruach].(Galatians 5:25)

For to be carnally minded [is] death; but to be spiritually minded [is] life and peace.(Romans 8:6)

Having therefore these promises, dearly beloved, let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and Spirit [Ruach], perfecting holiness in the fear of God-The Father.(2 Corinthians 7:1)

A habitação do Espírito Santo no crente

A teologia bíblica ensina que a vida cristã não se sustenta no esforço puramente humano. A partir da fé em Cristo, o Espírito Santo passa a habitar no interior do crente, transformando seu corpo em templo e dando testemunho de que ele foi adotado como filho de Deus:

What? know you2f not that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit [Ruach HaKodesh] [which is] in you, which you2f have of God-The Father, and you2f are not your own?

For you2f are bought with a price: therefore glorify God-The Father in your body, and in your Spirit [Ruach], which are God-The Father’s.(1 Corinthians 6:19,20)

For what man knows the things of a man, save the Spirit [Ruach] of man which is in him? even so the things of God-The Father knows no man, but the Spirit [Ruach] of God-The Father.(1 Corinthians 2:11)

And if Moshiach [Messiah] [be] in you, the body [is] dead because of sin; but the Spirit [Ruach] [is] life because of righteousness.(Romans 8:10)

For as many as are led by the Spirit [Ruach] of God-The Father, they are the sons of God-The Father.(Romans 8:14)

For you2f have not received the Spirit [Ruach] of bondage again to fear; but you2f have received the Spirit [Ruach] of sonship, whereby we cry, Abba, Father.

The Spirit [Ruach] itself bears witness with our Spirit [Ruach], that we are the children of God-The Father:(Romans 8:15,16)

Likewise the Spirit [Ruach] also helps our infirmities: for we know not what we should pray for as we ought: but the Spirit [Ruach] itself makes intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered.(Romans 8:26)

That he would grant you, according to the riches of his glory, to be strengthened with might by his Spirit [Ruach] in the inner man;

That Moshiach [Messiah] may dwell in your hearts by faith; that you2f, being rooted and grounded in love,(Ephesians 3:16,17)

That the God-The Father of our Lord - Kurios [he to whom a person belongs] Yeshua [God is Salvation] Moshiach [Messiah], the Father of glory, may give unto you the Spirit [Ruach] of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him:(Ephesians 1:17)

Hereby know we that we dwell in him, and he in us, because he has given us of his Spirit [Ruach].(1 John 4:13)

If you2f then, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your children: how much more shall [your] heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit [Ruach] to them that ask him?(Luke 11:13)

And there appeared unto them cloven (separated; split; divided up) tongues (foreign languages) like as of fire, and it sat upon each of them.

And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit [Ruach HaKodesh], and began to speak with other tongues (foreign languages), as the Spirit [Ruach] gave them utterance.(Acts 2:3,4)

For I know that this shall turn to my salvation through your prayer, and the supply of the Spirit [Ruach] of Yeshua [God is Salvation] Moshiach [Messiah],(Philippians 1:19)

Now the God-The Father of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that you2f may abound in hope, through the power of the Holy Spirit [Ruach HaKodesh].(Romans 15:13)

Adoração em espírito e renovação da mente

Ao conversar com a mulher samaritana, Jesus afirmou que Deus é espírito. Isso significa que o relacionamento com o Criador não está preso a montanhas, ritos exteriores ou templos locais, mas exige sinceridade interior e conformidade com a verdade bíblica:

But the hour comes, and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in Spirit [Ruach] and in truth: for the Father seeks such to worship him.

God-The Father [is] a Spirit [Ruach]: and they that worship him must worship [him] in Spirit [Ruach] and in truth.(John 4:23,24)

What is it then? I will pray with the Spirit [Ruach], and I will pray with the understanding also: I will sing with the Spirit [Ruach], and I will sing with the understanding also.(1 Corinthians 14:15)

Not slothful in business; fervent in Spirit [Ruach]; serving the Lord - Kurios;(Romans 12:11)

But we all, with open face beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord - Kurios, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, [even] as by the Spirit [Ruach] of the Lord - Kurios.(2 Corinthians 3:18)

For God-The Father has not given us the Spirit [Ruach] of fear; but of power, and of love, and of a sound mind.(2 Timothy 1:7)

The grace of our Lord - Kurios [he to whom a person belongs] Yeshua [God is Salvation] Moshiach [Messiah] [be] with you all. Amen. <To [the] Philippians written from Rome [strength], by Epaphroditus [lovely].>(Philippians 4:23)

As promessas proféticas e o discernimento

Os profetas do Antigo Testamento anunciaram que Deus colocaria um espírito novo e retiraria o coração insensível de Seu povo. O texto sagrado também orienta o crente a exercer domínio sobre as próprias reações e a discernir as influências espirituais à luz da Palavra:

And I will give them one heart, and I will put a new spirit within you; and I will take the stony heart out of their flesh, and will give them an heart of flesh:

That they may walk in my statutes, and keep my ordinances, and do them: and they shall be my people, and I will be their God-Elōhīm (The Living Word) [The Many Powered].(Ezekiel 11:19,20)

Thus says the Lord-Adonai [Greatest Above All Things] GOD-Yehōvih (THE FATHER) unto these bones; Behold, I will cause breath to enter into you, and you2f shall live:(Ezekiel 37:5)

The Spirit of the Lord-Adonai [Greatest Above All Things] GOD-Yehōvih (THE FATHER) [is] upon me; because the LORD-Yehōvah (Messiah Pre-Incarnate) has anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to [them that are] bound;(Isaiah 61:1)

Then he answered and spoke unto me, saying, This [is] the word of the LORD-Yehōvah (Messiah Pre-Incarnate) unto Z’rubavel [sown in Babylon], saying, Not by might, nor by power, but by my spirit, says the LORD-Yehōvah (Messiah Pre-Incarnate) Tz’va’ot [of the Heavenly Armies].(Zechariah 4:6)

Turn you at my reproof (rebuke; scolding): behold, I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make known my words unto you.(Mishlei - Proverbs 1:23)

All the ways of a man [are] clean in his own eyes; but the LORD-Yehōvah [Messiah Pre-Incarnate] weighs the spirits.(Mishlei - Proverbs 16:2)

Pride [goes] before destruction, and an arrogant (proud; lifted up) spirit before a fall.

Better [it is to be] of an humble spirit with the lowly, than to divide the spoil (plunder; prey; booty) with the proud.(Mishlei - Proverbs 16:18,19)

[He that is] slow to anger [is] better than the mighty; and he that rules his spirit than he that takes a city.(Mishlei - Proverbs 16:32)

The spirit of man [is] the candle of the LORD-Yehōvah [Messiah Pre-Incarnate], searching all the inward parts of the belly.(Mishlei - Proverbs 20:27)

Beloved, believe not every Spirit [Ruach], but try the spirits whether they are of God-The Father: because many false prophets are gone out into the world.(1 John 4:1)

I thought it good to show the signs and wonders that the high God-Elōhīm (The Living Word) [The Many Powered] has wrought toward me.

How great [are] his signs! and how mighty [are] his wonders! his kingdom [is] an everlasting kingdom, and his dominion [is] from generation to generation.(Daniel 4:2,3)

A postura correta diante de Deus: humildade de espírito

A Bíblia destaca que Deus acolhe quem reconhece a própria dependência e necessidade de perdão. Quando o rei Davi se arrependeu de seus pecados graves, ele pediu não poder terreno, mas a renovação de um espírito íntegro em seu interior:

Create in me a clean heart, O God-Elōhīm (The Living Word) [The Many Powered]; and renew a right spirit within me.

Cast me not away from youri presence; and take not youri Holy Spirit from me.

Restore unto me the joy of youri salvation; and uphold me [with youri] free Spirit.(Tehillim - Psalms 51:10-12)

The sacrifices of God-Elōhīm (The Living Word) [The Many Powered] [are] a broken spirit: a broken and a contrite heart, O God-Elōhīm (The Living Word) [The Many Powered], youi will not despise.(Tehillim - Psalms 51:17)

The LORD-Yehōvah [Messiah Pre-Incarnate] [is] near unto them that are of a broken heart; and saves such as be of a contrite spirit.(Tehillim - Psalms 34:18)

"Blessed (Favored by God; happy; prosperous) are the humble in Spirit [Ruach], for theirs is the Kingdom of heaven".(Gosel 5:3)

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