Fé: o que é, como funciona e sua prática diária

O que é a fé segundo a Bíblia

A fé bíblica é a certeza convicta das promessas de Deus e a prova daquilo que os olhos naturais não conseguem ver (Hebreus 11:1). Longe de ser otimismo ingênuo ou pensamento positivo, ela é uma confiança ativa no caráter e na fidelidade daquele que prometeu.

Na tradição bíblica, ter fé envolve crer que Deus existe e confiar que ele cuida daqueles que o buscam sinceramente.

1 Ἔστιν δὲ πίστις ἐλπιζομένων ὑπόστασις, πραγμάτων ἔλεγχος οὐ βλεπομένων.(Hebrews 11:1)

6 Χωρὶς δὲ πίστεως ἀδύνατον εὐαρεστῆσαι, πιστεῦσαι γὰρ δεῖ τὸν προσερχόμενον τῷ Θεῷ ὅτι ἔστιν καὶ τοῖς ἐκζητοῦσιν αὐτὸν μισθαποδότης γίνεται.(Hebrews 11:6)

11 Πίστει καὶ αὐτὴ Σάρρα35 𝕻13vℵA [84%] RP,HF,OC,TR ¦ 1 στειρα 𝕻46 [2%] NU ¦ 1 η στειρα [4%] ¦ 1 στειρα ουσα [10%] CP δύναμιν εἰς καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβεν, καὶ παρὰ καιρὸν ἡλικίας ἔτεκεν,35 [97%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- 𝕻13v,46ℵA [3%] NU ἐπεὶ πιστὸν ἡγήσατο τὸν ἐπαγγειλάμενον.(Hebrews 11:11)

2 ἀφορῶντες εἰς τὸν τῆς πίστεως Ἀρχηγὸν καὶ Τελειωτήν, Ἰησοῦν, ὃς ἀντὶ τῆς προκειμένης αὐτῷ χαρᾶς ὑπέμεινεν σταυρόν, αἰσχύνης καταφρονήσας, ἐν δεξιᾷ τε τοῦ θρόνου τοῦ Θεοῦ κεκάθικεν.35 ℵA [95%] RP,HF,OC,CP,NU ¦ εκαθισεν 𝕻46 [5%] TR(Hebrews 12:2)

38 Ὁ δὲ δίκαιος35 𝕻13 [97%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ 1 μου 𝕻46ℵA [3%] NU ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται, καὶ ἐὰν ὑποστείληται, οὐκ εὐδοκεῖ ἡ ψυχή μου ἐν αὐτῷ.»(Hebrews 10:38)

Salvação e justificação mediante a fé

No coração do Novo Testamento está o ensino de que a reconciliação com Deus não é conquistada por mérito ou esforço próprio, mas recebida como presente pela fé em Jesus Cristo. Essa mensagem atravessa as cartas apostólicas: a fé acolhe o favor imerecido de Deus e produz paz duradoura com o Criador.

Essa confiança não brota do vazio, mas nasce ao ouvir a mensagem do evangelho.

8 Τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσωσμένοι, διὰ τῆς35 A [96%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- ℵB [4%] NU πίστεως—καὶ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐξ ὑμῶν, Θεοῦ τὸ δῶρον— 9 οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων, ἵνα μή τις καυχήσηται.(Ephesians 2:8,9)

17 δικαιοσύνη γὰρ Θεοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ ἀποκαλύπτεται, ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν· καθὼς γέγραπται· «Ὁ δὲ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται.»(Romans 1:17)

5 Τῷ δὲ μὴ ἐργαζομένῳ, πιστεύοντι δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν δικαιοῦντα τὸν ἀσεβῆ, λογίζεται ἡ πίστις αὐτοῦ εἰς δικαιοσύνην.(Romans 4:5)

1 Δικαιωθέντες οὖν ἐκ πίστεως, εἰρήνην ἔχωμεν35 ℵA,B,C (43%) ¦ εχομεν 0220 (57%) OC,RP,HF,TR,CP,NU πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ,(Romans 5:1)

10 Καρδίᾳ γὰρ πιστεύεται εἰς δικαιοσύνην, στόματι δὲ ὁμολογεῖται εἰς σωτηρίαν.(Romans 10:10)

17 Ἄρα ¦ 1 ουν [10%] ἡ πίστις ἐξ ἀκοῆς, ἡ δὲ ἀκοὴ διὰ ῥήματος Θεοῦ.35 A [98%] OC,RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ χριστου 𝕻46ℵB,C [2%] NU(Romans 10:17)

20 Χριστῷ συνεσταύρωμαι, ζῶ δὲ οὐκέτι ἐγὼ ζῇ δὲ ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός· ὃ δὲ νῦν ζῶ ἐν σαρκὶ ἐν πίστει ζῶ τῇ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντός με καὶ παραδόντος ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ.(Galatians 2:20)

26 Πάντες γὰρ ¦ --- [1%] CP υἱοὶ Θεοῦ ἐστε διὰ τῆς πίστεως ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ. 27 Ὅσοι γὰρ εἰς Χριστὸν ἐβαπτίσθητε Χριστὸν ἐνεδύσασθε(Galatians 3:26,27)

A fé na oração e diante do impossível

Nos Evangelhos, Jesus repetidamente desafiou as pessoas a confiarem no poder soberano de Deus. Ter fé na oração não significa tentar manipular a vontade divina, mas reconhecer que Deus pode agir além dos limites humanos.

Mesmo uma fé pequena como um grão de mostarda é suficiente quando repousa no Deus Todo-Poderoso.

20 Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν35 C,W [97%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ λεγει ℵB,D [3%] NU αὐτοῖς· «Διὰ τὴν ἀπιστίαν35 C,D,W (98.3%) RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ ολιγοπιστιαν ℵB (1.5%) NU ¦ --- (0.1%) ὑμῶν. Ἀμὴν γὰρ λέγω ὑμῖν, ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως, ἐρεῖτε τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ, ‹Μετάβηθι35 C,D,W [97%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ μεταβα ℵB [3%] NU ἐντεῦθεν35 C,W [99%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ ενθεν ℵB,D [1%] NU ἐκεῖ,› καὶ μεταβήσεται· καὶ οὐδὲν ἀδυνατήσει ὑμῖν.(Matthew 17:20)

21 Ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· «Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν καὶ μὴ διακριθῆτε, οὐ μόνον τὸ τῆς συκῆς ποιήσετε, ἀλλὰ κἂν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ εἴπητε, ‹Ἄρθητι καὶ βλήθητι εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν,› γενήσεται.(Matthew 21:21)

22 Καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐὰν35 C,W [70%] RP,HF,OC,CP ¦ αν ℵB [30%] TR,NU ¦ --- D αἰτήσητε ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ πιστεύοντες λήψεσθε.» ¦ λημψεσθε ℵB,NU ¦ λημψεσθαι D,W [0.5%] ¦ ληψεσθαι [0.5%](Matthew 21:22)

29 Τότε ἥψατο τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν, λέγων, «Κατὰ τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν γενηθήτω ὑμῖν.»(Matthew 9:29)

28 Τότε ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῇ· «Ὦ γύναι, μεγάλη σου ἡ πίστις. Γενηθήτω σοι ὡς θέλεις.» Καὶ ἰάθη ἡ θυγάτηρ αὐτῆς ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης.(Matthew 15:28)

23 Ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῷ, «Τὸ εἰ δύνασαι35 A,C [97%] HF,RP,CP,TR,OC ¦ δυνη 𝕻45ℵB,D,N,W [3%] NU πιστεῦσαι·35 A,D [97%] HF,RP,CP,TR,OC ¦ --- 𝕻45ℵB,C,N,W [3%] NU πάντα δυνατὰ τῷ πιστεύοντι.»(Mark 9:23)

22 Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ ¦ --- [5%] TR Ἰησοῦς λέγει αὐτοῖς· «Ἔχετε πίστιν Θεοῦ.(Mark 11:22)

24 Διὰ τοῦτο λέγω ὑμῖν, πάντα ὅσα ἂν35 A [97%] HF,RP,CP,TR,OC ¦ εαν N [1.5%] ¦ --- ℵB,C,D,W [1.5%] NU προσευχόμενοι35 A,N,W [98.5%] HF,RP,CP,TR,OC ¦ προσευχεσθε και ℵB,C,D [1.5%] NU αἰτῆσθε,35 [50%] HF,RP,CP ¦ αιτεισθε ℵA,B,C,D,N,W [48%] TR,OC,NU ¦ αιτησησθε [0.5%] ¦ αιτησητε [0.5%] ¦ three other readings πιστεύετε ὅτι λαμβάνετε,35 A,N (98.1%) HF,RP,CP,TR,OC ¦ ελαβετε ℵB,C,W (0.7%) NU ¦ ληψεσθε (0.5%) ¦ λημψεσθε D (0.2%) ¦ long omissions (0.5%) καὶ ἔσται ὑμῖν.(Mark 11:24)

37 ὅτι οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ35 A,C [99%] CP,HF,RP,TR,OC ¦ του θεου ℵB,D,W [1%] NU πᾶν ῥῆμα.»(Luke 1:37)

Fé prática: obras, caráter e perseverança

A Escritura distingue a fé genuína de uma mera afirmação teórica. O apóstolo Tiago enfatiza que a fé verdadeira inevitavelmente transparece em ações de justiça, obediência e cuidado com o próximo. Sem frutos concretos, qualquer profissão de fé torna-se vazia.

Nas dificuldades e provações diárias, essa mesma fé funciona como um escudo contra o desespero e serve para amadurecer a perseverança cristã.

26 Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πνεύματος νεκρόν ἐστιν, οὕτως καὶ ἡ πίστις χωρὶς τῶν35 A,C [92%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- 𝕻20ℵB [8%] NU ἔργων νεκρά ἐστιν.(James 2:26)

3 γινώσκοντες ὅτι τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως κατεργάζεται ὑπομονήν·(James 1:3)

5 Εἰ δέ τις ὑμῶν λείπεται σοφίας, αἰτείτω παρὰ τοῦ διδόντος Θεοῦ πᾶσιν ἁπλῶς καὶ οὐκ35 (70.3%) RP,HF,OC,CP ¦ μη ℵA,B,C (29.7%) TR,NU (James is stating a fact; God doesn’t reproach.) ὀνειδίζοντος, καὶ δοθήσεται αὐτῷ. 6 Αἰτείτω δὲ ἐν πίστει, μηδὲν διακρινόμενος, ὁ γὰρ διακρινόμενος ἔοικεν κλύδωνι θαλάσσης ἀνεμιζομένῳ καὶ ῥιπιζομένῳ— 7 μὴ γὰρ οἰέσθω ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος ὅτι λήψεταί35 [98.5%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ λημψεται (ℵ)A,B(C) [1.5%] NU τι παρὰ τοῦ ¦ --- [15%] Κυρίου, 8 ἀνὴρ δίψυχος ἀκατάστατος ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτοῦ.(James 1:5-8)

6 Ἐν ᾧ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε, ὀλίγον ἄρτι, εἰ δέον ἐστίν,35 𝕻72A,C [98.6%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP [NU]ECM ¦ --- ℵB [1.4%] λυπηθέντες35 𝕻72A,B,C [75%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP,NU ¦ λυπηθεντας ℵ [23.5%] ECM ¦ two other variants ἐν ποικίλοις πειρασμοῖς, 7 ἵνα τὸ δοκίμιον ὑμῶν τῆς πίστεως (πολὺ τιμιώτερον35 [80%] RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ πολυτιμοτερον 𝕻72ℵA,B,C [20%] OC,NU χρυσίου τοῦ ἀπολλυμένου, διὰ πυρὸς δὲ δοκιμαζομένου) εὑρεθῇ εἰς ἔπαινον καὶ δόξαν καὶ τιμὴν35 𝕻72ℵA,B,C [35%] NU ¦ ∼ 321 [28%] OC,TR,CP ¦ ∼ 32 εις 1 [37%] RP,HF (Kx is divided over whether to add the preposition, but is agreed as to the word order. Again f35 [Kr] is independent of Kx and has the earliest attestation.) ἐν ἀποκαλύψει Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 8 —ὃν οὐκ εἰδότες35 A [93%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ ιδοντες 𝕻72ℵB,C [7%] NU ἀγαπᾶτε, εἰς ὃν (ἄρτι μὴ ὁρῶντες) πιστεύοντες δὲ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε χαρᾷ ἀνεκλαλήτῳ καὶ δεδοξασμένῃ, 9 κομιζόμενοι τὸ τέλος τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν,35 ℵA,C [96%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP[NU]ECM ¦ ημων [3%] ¦ --- B [1%] σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν.(1 Peter 1:6-9)

9 ᾧ ἀντίστητε, στερεοὶ τῇ πίστει, εἰδότες τὰ αὐτὰ τῶν παθημάτων τῇ ἐν35 A [99.4%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP,ECM ¦ 1 τω 𝕻72(ℵ)B [0.6%] [NU] κόσμῳ ὑμῶν ἀδελφότητι ἐπιτελεῖσθαι. ¦ επιτελεισθε ℵA,B [12%] ¦ επιτελειται 𝕻72(1 Peter 5:9)

16 ἐπὶ35 A [97%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ εν 𝕻46ℵB [3%] NU πᾶσιν, ἀναλαβόντες τὸν θυρεὸν τῆς πίστεως, ἐν ᾧ δυνήσεσθε πάντα τὰ βέλη τοῦ πονηροῦ τὰ35 ℵA [99%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP[NU] ¦ --- 𝕻46B [1%] πεπυρωμένα σβέσαι·(Ephesians 6:16)

2 Καὶ ἐὰν ἔχω προφητείαν καὶ εἰδῶ τὰ μυστήρια πάντα καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γνῶσιν, καὶ ἐὰν ἔχω πᾶσαν τὴν πίστιν, ὥστε ὄρη μεθιστάνειν,35 A,C [97%] HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ μεθισταναι 𝕻46B,048 [3%] NU ¦ ℵ omits a whole verse [homoioteleuton] ἀγάπην δὲ μὴ ἔχω, οὐθέν ¦ ουδεν [5%] OC εἰμι.(1 Corinthians 13:2)

13 Γρηγορεῖτε, στήκετε ἐν τῇ πίστει, ἀνδρίζεσθε, κραταιοῦσθε.(1 Corinthians 16:13)

7 —διὰ πίστεως γὰρ περιπατοῦμεν, οὐ διὰ εἴδους—(2 Corinthians 5:7)

Confiança no dia a dia e a promessa da vida eterna

Viver pela fé significa abrir mão da autossuficiência e permitir que a sabedoria de Deus guie escolhas, relacionamentos e caminhos cotidianos. Mesmo diante do sofrimento ou da morte, o cristão apoia sua esperança na promessa da ressurreição e da vida plena com Cristo.

13 Ὁ δὲ Θεὸς τῆς ἐλπίδος πληρώσαι ὑμᾶς πάσης χαρᾶς καὶ εἰρήνης ἐν τῷ πιστεύειν, εἰς τὸ περισσεύειν ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ ἐλπίδι ἐν δυνάμει Πνεύματος Ἁγίου.(Romans 15:13)

11 Σὺ δέ, ὦ ἄνθρωπε τοῦ35 [98%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- ℵA,I [2%] NU Θεοῦ, ταῦτα φεῦγε· δίωκε δὲ δικαιοσύνην, εὐσέβειαν, πίστιν, ἀγάπην, ὑπομονήν, πρᾳότητα.35 [95%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ πραυτητα [2%] ¦ πραυπαθιαν ℵA [3%] NU(1 Timothy 6:11)

7 Τὸν ἀγῶνα τὸν καλὸν35 [96%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ ∼ 31 ℵA,C [4%] NU ἠγώνισμαι, τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα, τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα.(2 Timothy 4:7)

13 εἰ ἀπιστοῦμεν, ἐκεῖνος πιστὸς μένει—ἀρνήσασθαι35 [85%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ 1 γαρ ℵAv,C,048v [15%] NU ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται.(2 Timothy 2:13)

4 ὅτι πᾶν τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ νικᾷ τὸν κόσμον· καὶ αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ νίκη ἡ νικήσασα τὸν κόσμον· ἡ πίστις ἡμῶν.35 ℵ,A,B (56.4%) RP,OC,TR,NU ¦ υμων 048 (43.2%) HF,CP ¦ --- (0.4%) (John is making a general statement, that is properly inclusive—first person.)(1 John 5:4)

16 Οὕτως35pt 𝕻63,66,75ℵA,B,W [60%] (I include this for the record, to show that the dropping of -ς before a consonant was not automatic.) γὰρ ἠγάπησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν κόσμον ὥστε τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ35 𝕻63A,T (97.5%) CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ --- 𝕻66,75ℵB,W (0.4%) NU ¦ long omissions (2.1%) [homoioteleuton] τὸν μονογενῆ ἔδωκεν, ἵνα πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν μὴ ἀπόληται, ἀλλ᾿ ἔχῃ ¦ εχει [30%] ζωὴν αἰώνιον.(John 3:16)

35 Εἶπεν δὲ35 A [99%] CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ --- B,W [0.5%] NU ¦ ουν ℵD [0.5%] αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· «Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς. Ὁ ἐρχόμενος πρός με35 A,D,W [99.8%] CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ εμε 𝕻75ℵB [0.2%] NU οὐ μὴ πεινάσῃ, καὶ ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ οὐ μὴ διψήσῃ35 [95%] CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ διψησει 𝕻66ℵA,B,W [5%] NU ¦ διψασει D πώποτε.(John 6:35)

25 Εἶπεν αὐτῇ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· «Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ζωή. Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμέ, κἂν ἀποθάνῃ, ζήσεται· 26 καὶ πᾶς ὁ ζῶν καὶ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. Πιστεύεις τοῦτο;»(John 11:25,26)