Filho de Deus: o que significa a divindade de Jesus?
O que significa Jesus ser o Filho de Deus
Na Bíblia, o título "Filho de Deus" afirma a plena divindade de Jesus e a Sua igualdade de natureza com o Pai. Não significa que Jesus foi criado no tempo nem que teve uma origem biológica, mas que Ele compartilha da mesma essência divina e é a revelação exata do Deus invisível.
No contexto judaico do primeiro século, falar da relação de filho com o pai indicava identidade de natureza e representação total. Quando Jesus chamou Deus de Seu próprio Pai, os líderes religiosos entenderam de imediato o peso daquela afirmação:
But Jesus answered them, My Father worketh hitherto and I work. For this therefore the Jews sought the more to kill him, because he had not only violated the sabbath, but also said that God was his own Father, making himself equal with God.(John 5:17,18)
O Antigo Testamento já apontava para esse mistério, anunciando séculos antes que o menino que nasceria receberia títulos divinos:
For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder; and his name is called Wonderful, Counsellor, Mighty ·God Father of Eternity, Prince of Peace.(Isaiah 9:6)
O Novo Testamento confirma que o Filho é a presença visível de Deus entre os seres humanos, eterno e criador de todas as coisas:
And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us (and we have contemplated his glory, a glory as of an only-begotten with a father), full of grace and truth;(John 1:14)
No one has seen God at any time; the only-begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him.(John 1:18)
who being the effulgence of his glory and the expression of his substance, and upholding all things by the word of his power, having made by himself the purification of sins, set himself down on the right hand of the greatness on high,
taking a place by so much better than the angels, as he inherits a name more excellent than they.(Hebrews 1:3,4)
O testemunho do Pai e a confissão de Pedro
A identidade de Jesus como Filho de Deus não surgiu como um rumor popular, mas foi afirmada pelo próprio Deus no início do ministério público de Cristo:
And Jesus, having been baptised, went up straightway from the water, and lo, the heavens were opened to him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending as a dove, and coming upon him: and behold, a voice out of the heavens saying, This is my beloved Son, in whom I have found my delight.(Matthew 3:16,17)
A resposta esperada diante dessa revelação é o reconhecimento. Em Cesareia de Filipe, quando Jesus perguntou aos discípulos sobre a Sua identidade, Pedro expressou a base da fé cristã:
But when Jesus was come into the parts of Caesarea-Philippi, he demanded of his disciples, saying, Who do men say that I the Son of man am? And they said, Some, John the baptist; and others, Elias; and others again, Jeremias or one of the prophets. He says to them, But ye, who do ye say that I am? And Simon Peter answering said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God.(Matthew 16:13-16)
Reconhecer Jesus como o Filho enviado por Deus é o ponto de partida da comunhão com o Criador:
Whosoever shall confess that Jesus is the Son of God, God abides in him, and he in God.(1 John 4:15)
Por que Deus enviou o Seu Filho
O envio do Filho à Terra teve um propósito definido: resgatar a humanidade da condenação do pecado e manifestar o amor do Pai de forma concreta na história.
For God so loved the world, that he gave his only-begotten Son, that whosoever believes on him may not perish, but have life eternal.(John 3:16)
Herein as to us has been manifested the love of God, that God has sent his only begotten Son into the world, that we might live through him. Herein is love, not that we loved God, but that he loved us, and sent his Son a propitiation for our sins.(1 John 4:9,10)
Ao se entregar na cruz e ressuscitar, o Filho desfez o poder do mal e reconciliou com Deus aqueles que estavam separados dEle:
He that practises sin is of the devil; for from the beginning the devil sins. To this end the Son of God has been manifested, that he might undo the works of the devil.(1 John 3:8)
For if, being enemies, we have been reconciled to God through the death of his Son, much rather, having been reconciled, we shall be saved in the power of his life.(Romans 5:10)
A autoridade do Filho e a nova vida de quem crê
O Pai conferiu ao Filho a autoridade de julgar e de conceder vida. Ter o Filho significa ter a própria vida espiritual restaurada:
For even as the Father raises the dead and quickens them, thus the Son also quickens whom he will: for neither does the Father judge any one, but has given all judgment to the Son; that all may honour the Son, even as they honour the Father. He who honours not the Son, honours not the Father who has sent him.(John 5:21-23)
Verily, verily, I say unto you, that an hour is coming, and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God, and they that have heard shall live. For even as the Father has life in himself, so he has given to the Son also to have life in himself,(John 5:25,26)
He that has the Son has life: he that has not the Son of God has not life.(1 John 5:12)
Quem recebe a Jesus deixa de ser apenas criatura e passa a fazer parte da família de Deus. Pela obra do Filho eterno, os crentes recebem o Espírito Santo e são adotados como filhos do Pai:
but as many as received him, to them gave he the right to be children of God, to those that believe on his name; who have been born, not of blood, nor of flesh’s will, nor of man’s will, but of God.(John 1:12,13)
but when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, come of woman, come under law, that he might redeem those under law, that we might receive sonship. But because ye are sons, God has sent out the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, Abba, Father.(Galatians 4:4-6)
Essa nova condição transforma o cotidiano: a vida agora é conduzida pela fé no Filho de Deus, que se entregou por cada pessoa.
I am crucified with Christ, and no longer live, I, but Christ lives in me; but in that I now live in flesh, I live by faith, the faith of the Son of God, who has loved me and given himself for me.(Galatians 2:20)
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