Filho de Deus: o que significa a divindade de Jesus?
O que significa Jesus ser o Filho de Deus
Na Bíblia, o título "Filho de Deus" afirma a plena divindade de Jesus e a Sua igualdade de natureza com o Pai. Não significa que Jesus foi criado no tempo nem que teve uma origem biológica, mas que Ele compartilha da mesma essência divina e é a revelação exata do Deus invisível.
No contexto judaico do primeiro século, falar da relação de filho com o pai indicava identidade de natureza e representação total. Quando Jesus chamou Deus de Seu próprio Pai, os líderes religiosos entenderam de imediato o peso daquela afirmação:
But Jesus answered them, "My Father is still working, so I am working, too."
For this cause therefore the Jews sought all the more to kill him, because he not only broke the Sabbath, but also called God his own Father, making himself equal with God.(John 5:17,18)
O Antigo Testamento já apontava para esse mistério, anunciando séculos antes que o menino que nasceria receberia títulos divinos:
For a child is born to us. A son is given to us; and the government will be on his shoulders. His name will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.(Isaiah 9:6)
O Novo Testamento confirma que o Filho é a presença visível de Deus entre os seres humanos, eterno e criador de todas as coisas:
The Word became flesh and lived among us. We saw his glory, such glory as of the only born Son of the Father, full of grace and truth.(John 1:14)
No one has seen God at any time. The only born Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, has declared him.(John 1:18)
His Son is the radiance of his glory, the very image of his substance, and upholding all things by the word of his power, who, when he had by himself purified us of our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high, having become as much better than the angels as the more excellent name he has inherited is better than theirs.(Hebrews 1:3,4)
O testemunho do Pai e a confissão de Pedro
A identidade de Jesus como Filho de Deus não surgiu como um rumor popular, mas foi afirmada pelo próprio Deus no início do ministério público de Cristo:
Jesus, when he was baptized, went up directly from the water: and behold, the heavens were opened to him. He saw the Spirit of God descending as a dove, and coming on him. Behold, a voice out of the heavens said, "This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased."(Matthew 3:16,17)
A resposta esperada diante dessa revelação é o reconhecimento. Em Cesareia de Filipe, quando Jesus perguntou aos discípulos sobre a Sua identidade, Pedro expressou a base da fé cristã:
Now when Jesus came into the parts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, "Who do men say that I, the Son of Man, am?"
They said, "Some say John the Baptizer, some, Elijah, and others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets."
He said to them, "But who do you say that I am?"
Simon Peter answered, "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God."(Matthew 16:13-16)
Reconhecer Jesus como o Filho enviado por Deus é o ponto de partida da comunhão com o Criador:
Whoever confesses that Jesus is the Son of God, God remains in him, and he in God.(1 John 4:15)
Por que Deus enviou o Seu Filho
O envio do Filho à Terra teve um propósito definido: resgatar a humanidade da condenação do pecado e manifestar o amor do Pai de forma concreta na história.
For God so loved the world, that he gave his only born Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish, but have eternal life. (John 3:16)
By this God’s love was revealed in us, that God has sent his only born Son into the world that we might live through him. In this is love, not that we loved God, but that he loved us, and sent his Son as the atoning sacrifice for our sins.(1 John 4:9,10)
Ao se entregar na cruz e ressuscitar, o Filho desfez o poder do mal e reconciliou com Deus aqueles que estavam separados dEle:
He who sins is of the devil, for the devil has been sinning from the beginning. To this end the Son of God was revealed: that he might destroy the works of the devil.(1 John 3:8)
For if while we were enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we will be saved by his life.(Romans 5:10)
A autoridade do Filho e a nova vida de quem crê
O Pai conferiu ao Filho a autoridade de julgar e de conceder vida. Ter o Filho significa ter a própria vida espiritual restaurada:
For as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, even so the Son also gives life to whom he desires. For the Father judges no one, but he has given all judgment to the Son, that all may honor the Son, even as they honor the Father. He who doesn’t honor the Son doesn’t honor the Father who sent him.(John 5:21-23)
Most certainly I tell you, the hour comes, and now is, when the dead will hear the Son of God’s voice; and those who hear will live. For as the Father has life in himself, even so he gave to the Son also to have life in himself. (John 5:25,26)
He who has the Son has the life. He who doesn’t have God’s Son doesn’t have the life.(1 John 5:12)
Quem recebe a Jesus deixa de ser apenas criatura e passa a fazer parte da família de Deus. Pela obra do Filho eterno, os crentes recebem o Espírito Santo e são adotados como filhos do Pai:
But as many as received him, to them he gave the right to become God’s children, to those who believe in his name: who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.(John 1:12,13)
But when the fullness of the time came, God sent out his Son, born to a woman, born under the law, that he might redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption as children. And because you are children, God sent out the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, "Abba, Father!"(Galatians 4:4-6)
Essa nova condição transforma o cotidiano: a vida agora é conduzida pela fé no Filho de Deus, que se entregou por cada pessoa.
I have been crucified with Christ, and it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me. That life which I now live in the flesh, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself up for me.(Galatians 2:20)
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