Filho do Homem: o significado do título que Jesus usou
O que significa Filho do Homem
"Filho do Homem" é o título que Jesus mais usou para se referir a si mesmo nos Evangelhos. A expressão afirma sua humanidade real e, ao mesmo tempo, aponta para a figura celestial de Daniel 7, a quem Deus entrega autoridade sobre todos os povos e um reino que não terá fim.
Em vez de usar "Messias", termo que os judeus da época associavam a um líder político ou militar contra Roma, Jesus preferiu "Filho do Homem". O título permitia que ele expressasse três aspectos inseparáveis de sua missão: a fraqueza da vida humana na terra, a necessidade de sofrer e morrer pelo povo, e o papel final de juiz universal que volta com glória.
A origem profética em Daniel
O fundamento da expressão está na visão profética de Daniel, em que alguém semelhante a um ser humano entra na presença de Deus e recebe domínio eterno. Quando o Novo Testamento retoma essa imagem, confirma que essa autoridade foi dada a Jesus.
I was seeing in the visions of the night, and behold, [One] like a Son of Man was coming with the clouds of the heavens, and to the Ancient of Days He has come, and before Him they have brought Him near. And to Him is given dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, and all peoples, nations, and languages serve Him, His dominion [is] a continuous dominion, that does not pass away, and His kingdom that which is not destroyed.(Daniel 7:13,14)
and he said, "Behold, I see the heavens having been opened, and the Son of Man standing on the right hand of God."(Acts 7:56)
and in the midst of the seven lampstands, [One] like a Son of Man, clothed to the foot, and having been girded around at the breasts with a golden girdle,(Revelation 1:13)
And I saw, and behold, a white cloud, and on the cloud [One] sitting like [a] Son of Man, having on His head a golden garland, and in His hand a sharp sickle;(Revelation 14:14)
Humanidade, serviço e sofrimento
No hebraico e no aramaico, a expressão comum "filho de homem" também designa um ser mortal em sua fragilidade. Jesus assumiu plenamente essa condição: viveu sem posses, veio para servir aos necessitados e anunciou repetidamente que o Filho do Homem seria traído, morto e sepultado antes de ressuscitar.
and one in a certain place testified fully, saying, "What is man, that You are mindful of him, || Or a son of man, that You look after him?(Hebrews 2:6)
and Jesus said to him, "The foxes have holes, and the birds of the sky places of rest, but the Son of Man has nowhere He may recline the head."(Luke 9:58)
[[for the Son of Man came to save the lost.]](Matthew 18:11)
for even the Son of Man did not come to be ministered to, but to minister, and to give His life [as] a ransom for many."(Mark 10:45)
And He answering said to them, "He who is sowing the good seed is the Son of Man,(Matthew 13:37)
for as Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights, so will the Son of Man be in the heart of the earth three days and three nights.(Matthew 12:40)
And while they are living in Galilee, Jesus said to them, "The Son of Man is about to be delivered up into the hands of men,(Matthew 17:22)
for He was teaching His disciples, and He said to them, "The Son of Man is being delivered into the hands of men, and they will kill Him, and having been killed, the third day He will rise,"(Mark 9:31)
Autoridade divina e juízo final
Mesmo em sua caminhada terrena, Jesus declarou que o Filho do Homem tinha prerrogativas que pertencem exclusivamente a Deus, como o poder de perdoar pecados. Os Evangelhos apontam que sua exaltação na cruz culmina na sua volta visível, quando ele julgará as nações com justiça.
And that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on the earth to forgive sins—(He said to the one struck with palsy)—I say to you, arise, and having taken up your little bed, be going on to your house."(Luke 5:24)
and He says to him, "Truly, truly, I say to you, from now on you will see Heaven opened, and the messengers of God going up and coming down on the Son of Man."(John 1:51)
Jesus, therefore, said to them, "When you may lift up the Son of Man then you will know that I AM; and I do nothing of Myself, but according as My Father taught Me, these things I speak;(John 8:28)
for as the lightning is flashing out of one [part] under the sky [and] shines to the other [part] under the sky, so will the Son of Man also be in His day;(Luke 17:24)
because of this also you, become ready, because in what hour you do not think, the Son of Man comes.(Matthew 24:44)
And whenever the Son of Man may come in His glory, and all the holy messengers with Him, then He will sit on a throne of His glory;(Matthew 25:31)
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