Filho do Homem: o significado do título que Jesus usou
O que significa Filho do Homem
"Filho do Homem" é o título que Jesus mais usou para se referir a si mesmo nos Evangelhos. A expressão afirma sua humanidade real e, ao mesmo tempo, aponta para a figura celestial de Daniel 7, a quem Deus entrega autoridade sobre todos os povos e um reino que não terá fim.
Em vez de usar "Messias", termo que os judeus da época associavam a um líder político ou militar contra Roma, Jesus preferiu "Filho do Homem". O título permitia que ele expressasse três aspectos inseparáveis de sua missão: a fraqueza da vida humana na terra, a necessidade de sofrer e morrer pelo povo, e o papel final de juiz universal que volta com glória.
A origem profética em Daniel
O fundamento da expressão está na visão profética de Daniel, em que alguém semelhante a um ser humano entra na presença de Deus e recebe domínio eterno. Quando o Novo Testamento retoma essa imagem, confirma que essa autoridade foi dada a Jesus.
"I saw in the night visions, and behold, there came with the clouds of the sky one like a son of man, and he came even to the Ancient of Days, and they brought him near before him. Dominion was given him, and glory, and a kingdom, that all the peoples, nations, and languages should serve him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion, which will not pass away, and his kingdom one that will not be destroyed.(Daniel 7:13,14)
and said, "Behold, I see the heavens opened and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God!"(Acts 7:56)
And among the lamp stands was one like a son of man, clothed with a robe reaching down to his feet, and with a golden sash around his chest.(Revelation 1:13)
I looked, and saw a white cloud, and on the cloud one sitting like a son of man, having on his head a golden crown, and in his hand a sharp sickle.(Revelation 14:14)
Humanidade, serviço e sofrimento
No hebraico e no aramaico, a expressão comum "filho de homem" também designa um ser mortal em sua fragilidade. Jesus assumiu plenamente essa condição: viveu sem posses, veio para servir aos necessitados e anunciou repetidamente que o Filho do Homem seria traído, morto e sepultado antes de ressuscitar.
But one has somewhere testified, saying,
"What is man, that you think of him?
Or the son of man, that you care for him?(Hebrews 2:6)
Jesus said to him, "The foxes have holes and the birds of the sky have nests, but the Son of Man has no place to lay his head."(Luke 9:58)
For the Son of Man came to save that which was lost.(Matthew 18:11)
For the Son of Man also came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many."(Mark 10:45)
He answered them, "He who sows the good seed is the Son of Man, (Matthew 13:37)
For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the huge fish, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth. (Matthew 12:40)
While they were staying in Galilee, Jesus said to them, "The Son of Man is about to be delivered up into the hands of men, (Matthew 17:22)
for he was teaching his disciples, and said to them, "The Son of Man is being handed over to the hands of men, and they will kill him; and when he is killed, on the third day he will rise again."(Mark 9:31)
Autoridade divina e juízo final
Mesmo em sua caminhada terrena, Jesus declarou que o Filho do Homem tinha prerrogativas que pertencem exclusivamente a Deus, como o poder de perdoar pecados. Os Evangelhos apontam que sua exaltação na cruz culmina na sua volta visível, quando ele julgará as nações com justiça.
But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins," he said to the paralyzed man, "I tell you, arise, take up your cot, and go to your house."(Luke 5:24)
He said to him, "Most certainly, I tell you all, hereafter you will see heaven opened, and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man."(John 1:51)
Jesus therefore said to them, "When you have lifted up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am he, and I do nothing of myself, but as my Father taught me, I say these things. (John 8:28)
for as the lightning, when it flashes out of one part under the sky, shines to another part under the sky, so will the Son of Man be in his day. (Luke 17:24)
Therefore also be ready, for in an hour that you don’t expect, the Son of Man will come.(Matthew 24:44)
"But when the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then he will sit on the throne of his glory. (Matthew 25:31)
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