Generosidade: o que a Bíblia ensina sobre partilha
O que a Bíblia ensina sobre generosidade
Na Bíblia, generosidade não é medida pela quantia que sobra, mas pela disposição sincera do coração. O texto sagrado ensina que repartir recursos, tempo e atenção reflete o próprio caráter de Deus, que sustenta os seus filhos e convida cada pessoa a cuidar do próximo.
O apóstolo Paulo orienta que a contribuição cristã nunca deve nascer do constrangimento ou do medo, mas da decisão serena e alegre de servir.
Ἕκαστος καθὼς προαιρεῖται35 [95%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ προηρηται ℵB,C [1%] NU ¦ προειρηται [2%] ¦ four other variants [2%] τῇ καρδία, μὴ ἐκ λύπης ἢ ἐξ ἀνάγκης, ἱλαρὸν γὰρ δότην ἀγαπᾷ ὁ Θεός.(2 Corinthians 9:7)
Τοῦτο δέ, ὁ σπείρων φειδομένως φειδομένως καὶ θερίσει, καὶ ὁ σπείρων ἐπ᾿ εὐλογίαις ἐπ᾿ εὐλογίαις καὶ θερίσει. Ἕκαστος καθὼς προαιρεῖται35 [95%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ προηρηται ℵB,C [1%] NU ¦ προειρηται [2%] ¦ four other variants [2%] τῇ καρδία, μὴ ἐκ λύπης ἢ ἐξ ἀνάγκης, ἱλαρὸν γὰρ δότην ἀγαπᾷ ὁ Θεός. Δυνατὸς35 [98%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ δυνατει 𝕻46ℵB,C [2%] NU δὲ ὁ Θεὸς πᾶσαν χάριν περισσεῦσαι εἰς ὑμᾶς, ἵνα ἐν παντὶ πάντοτε πᾶσαν αὐτάρκειαν ἔχοντες περισσεύητε εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθόν— καθὼς γέγραπται· «Ἐσκόρπισεν, ἔδωκεν τοῖς πένησιν· ἡ δικαιοσύνη αὐτοῦ μένει εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα»— ὁ δὲ ἐπιχορηγῶν σπέρμα35 ℵC [99%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ σπορον 𝕻46B [1%] NU τῷ σπείροντι καὶ ἄρτον εἰς βρῶσιν χορηγῆσαι,35 (95%) RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ χορηγησει 𝕻46ℵB,C,048 (5%) NU (This form, and the next two, have usually been taken as Optative, but I understand them to be Aorist Infinitive.) καὶ πληθῦναι35 (95.5%) RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ πληθυνει 𝕻46ℵB,048 (4.5%) NU ¦ πληθυνη C τὸν σπόρον ὑμῶν καὶ αὐξῆσαι35 𝕻46 (95.8%) RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ αυξησει ℵB,C,048 (4.2%) NU τὰ γενήματα35 𝕻46ℵB,C [94%] RP,HF,OC,CP,NU ¦ γεννηματα [6%] TR τῆς δικαιοσύνης ὑμῶν· ἐν παντὶ πλουτιζόμενοι εἰς πᾶσαν ἁπλότητα, ἥτις κατεργάζεται δι᾿ ἡμῶν εὐχαριστίαν τῷ Θεῷ. Ὅτι ἡ διακονία τῆς λειτουργίας ¦ λειτουργειας C [2%] CP ταύτης οὐ μόνον ἐστὶν προσαναπληροῦσα τὰ ὑστερήματα τῶν ἁγίων, ἀλλὰ καὶ περισσεύουσα διὰ πολλῶν εὐχαριστιῶν τῷ Θεῷ(2 Corinthians 9:6-12)
(εἰ γὰρ ἡ προθυμία πρόκειται, καθὸ ἐὰν35 B,C [30%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP,NU ¦ καθὸ αν ℵ [3%] ¦ καθ ὃ εαν [58%] ¦ καθ ὃ αν [9%] ἔχῃ ¦ εχει [13%] τις,35 [90%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- ℵB,C [10%] NU εὐπρόσδεκτος, οὐ καθὸ ¦ καθ ὃ [58%] [The meaning would appear to be virtually the same.] οὐκ ἔχει).(2 Corinthians 8:12)
O dever de acudir o necessitado
No Antigo Testamento, a ajuda a quem passa privações não é tratada como favor opcional, mas como expressão básica de justiça e obediência. Fechar os ouvidos ao clamor do pobre rompe a comunhão com Deus e adoece a comunidade.
O ensino de Jesus sobre a partilha
Jesus aprofunda o sentido da generosidade ao retirar dela qualquer desejo de autopromoção. Dar sem alarde, acolher quem não pode retribuir e enxergar a Cristo na pessoa vulnerável são marcas centrais do discipulado.
Ὅταν οὖν ποιῇς ἐλεημοσύνην, μὴ σαλπίσῃς ἔμπροσθέν σου, ὥσπερ οἱ ὑποκριταὶ ποιοῦσιν ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς καὶ ἐν ταῖς ῥύμαις, ὅπως δοξασθῶσιν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων. Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀπέχουσιν τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν. Σοῦ δὲ ποιοῦντος ἐλεημοσύνην, μὴ γνώτω ἡ ἀριστερά σου τί ποιεῖ ἡ δεξιά σου, ὅπως ᾖ σου ἡ ἐλεημοσύνη ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ· καὶ ὁ Πατήρ σου ὁ βλέπων ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ αὐτὸς35 D,W (75.2%) RP,HF,CP,TR ¦ --- ℵB (24.1%) OC,NU ¦ long omissions (0.7%) ἀποδώσει σοι ἐν τῷ φανερῷ.35 W (93.7%) RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ --- ℵB,D (5.7%) NU ¦ long omissions (0.7%)(Matthew 6:2-4)
Δίδοτε, καὶ δοθήσεται ὑμῖν· μέτρον καλόν—πεπιεσμένον καὶ35 A,C [99%] CP,HF,RP,TR,OC ¦ --- ℵB,D,W [1%] NU σεσαλευμένον καὶ35 A,C [98.5%] CP,HF,RP,TR,OC ¦ --- 𝕻45ℵB,D,W [1.5%] NU ὑπερεκχυνόμενον35 𝕻75 [96%] CP,HF,RP,TR,OC ¦ υπερεκχυννομενον ℵA,B,C,D,W [4%] NU—δώσουσιν εἰς τὸν κόλπον ὑμῶν. Τῷ γὰρ αὐτῷ μέτρῳ ᾧ35 A,C (91.4%) CP,HF,RP,TR,OC ¦ 1245 (5.9%) ¦ 1345 𝕻45 (0.7%) ¦ 1235 (0.4%) ¦ 1234 (0.3%) ¦ ∼ 524 ℵB,D,W (1.1%) NU ¦ four other variants (0.2%) μετρεῖτε ἀντιμετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν.»(Luke 6:38)
Τῷ αἰτοῦντί σε δίδου,35 [98.5%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ δος ℵB,D,W [1.5%] NU καὶ τὸν θέλοντα ἀπὸ σοῦ δανείσασθαι35 [97.5%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ δανισασθαι ℵB,D,W [1.5%] NU ¦ δανησασθαι [1%] ¦ one other variant μὴ ἀποστραφῇς.(Matthew 5:42)
Παντὶ δὲ τῷ35 A,D [93%] CP,HF,RP,TR,OC ¦ 2 [6.5%] ¦ --- ℵB,W [0.5%] NU αἰτοῦντί σε δίδου, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἴροντος τὰ σὰ μὴ ἀπαίτει.(Luke 6:30)
Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐρεῖ αὐτοῖς, ‹Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἐφ᾿ ὅσον ἐποιήσατε ἑνὶ τούτων τῶν ἀδελφῶν μου τῶν ἐλαχίστων, ἐμοὶ ἐποιήσατε.›(Matthew 25:40)
A generosidade de Deus como fonte da fé
A Bíblia mostra que a capacidade humana de partilhar nasce da certeza de que Deus é a fonte de todo suprimento. Quem experimenta a bondade de Deus é chamado a agir de forma coerente: transformar oração em socorro concreto na vida de quem não tem o que comer ou vestir.
Εἰ δέ τις ὑμῶν λείπεται σοφίας, αἰτείτω παρὰ τοῦ διδόντος Θεοῦ πᾶσιν ἁπλῶς καὶ οὐκ35 (70.3%) RP,HF,OC,CP ¦ μη ℵA,B,C (29.7%) TR,NU (James is stating a fact; God doesn’t reproach.) ὀνειδίζοντος, καὶ δοθήσεται αὐτῷ.(James 1:5)
Ἐὰν δὲ35 A,C [84%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- ℵB [15%] NU ¦ two other variants ἀδελφὸς ἢ ἀδελφὴ γυμνοὶ ὑπάρχωσιν, καὶ λειπόμενοι ὦσιν35 A [95%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- ℵB,C [5%] NU τῆς ἐφημέρου τροφῆς, εἴπῃ δέ τις αὐτοῖς ἐξ ὑμῶν, «Ὑπάγετε ἐν εἰρήνῃ, θερμαίνεσθε καὶ χορτάζεσθε,» μὴ δῶτε δὲ αὐτοῖς τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τοῦ σώματος, τί τὸ ὄφελος; Οὕτως καὶ ἡ πίστις, ἐὰν μὴ ἔργα ἔχῃ,35 [75%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ ∼ 21 ℵA,B,C [24%] NU ¦ three other variants νεκρά ἐστιν, καθ᾿ ἑαυτήν.(James 2:15-17)
Εἰ οὖν ὑμεῖς, πονηροὶ ὑπάρχοντες, ¦ οντες ℵD [15%], ¦ ∼ 21 OC οἴδατε δόματα ἀγαθὰ35 𝕻75ℵA,B,C,D,W [97%] HF,RP,OC,NU ¦ ∼ 21 𝕻45 [3%] CP,TR διδόναι τοῖς τέκνοις ὑμῶν, πόσῳ μᾶλλον ὁ Πατὴρ ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ35 A,B(C)D,W [98%] CP,HF,RP,TR,OC[NU] ¦ 23 𝕻75ℵ [2%] ¦ 1 ουρανιος 𝕻45 δώσει Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον ¦ αγαθον 𝕻45 [1.5%] OC τοῖς αἰτοῦσιν αὐτόν.»(Luke 11:13)
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