Quem foi Maria na Bíblia: história e papel na fé
Quem foi Maria e o anúncio do Messias
Maria foi uma jovem judia de Nazaré, na Galileia, escolhida por Deus para ser a mãe de Jesus Cristo. Os Evangelhos a apresentam como uma serva humilde que acolheu pela fé a promessa divina da vinda do Salvador.
O anjo Gabriel anunciou a Maria que ela conceberia o Filho do Altíssimo por ação do Espírito Santo, enquanto ainda estava noiva de José, descendente do rei Davi.
Now in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a city in Galilee named Nazareth, to a virgin betrothed to a man whose name was Joseph, of the descendants of David; and the virgin’s name was Mary. And coming in, he said to her, "Greetings, favored one! The Lord is with you."(Luke 1:26-28)
And the angel said to her, "Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. And behold, you will conceive in your womb and give birth to a son, and you shall name Him Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High; and the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David; and He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and His kingdom will have no end."(Luke 1:30-33)
O relato de Mateus confirma que a gravidez ocorreu antes da coabitação matrimonial, em cumprimento ao plano redentor de Deus.
Now the birth of Jesus the Messiah was as follows: when His mother Mary had been betrothed to Joseph, before they came together she was found to be pregnant by the Holy Spirit.(Matthew 1:18)
O Magnificat e os primeiros anos de Jesus
Ao visitar sua parenta Isabel, Maria expressou sua gratidão no cântico conhecido como Magnificat. O hino exalta a santidade e a misericórdia do Senhor para com os humildes e lembra a aliança feita com Abraão.
And Mary said:
"My soul exalts the Lord,
And my spirit has rejoiced in God my Savior.
"For He has had regard for the humble state of His bond-servant;
For behold, from now on all generations will call me blessed.
"For the Mighty One has done great things for me;
And holy is His name.
"And His mercy is to generation after generation
Toward those who fear Him.
"He has done mighty deeds with His arm;
He has scattered those who were proud in the thoughts of their hearts.
"He has brought down rulers from their thrones,
And has exalted those who were humble.
"He has filled the hungry with good things,
And sent the rich away empty-handed.
"He has given help to His servant Israel,
In remembrance of His mercy,
Just as He spoke to our fathers,
To Abraham and his descendants forever."(Luke 1:46-55)
Jesus nasceu em Belém da Judeia, onde Maria o colocou em uma manjedoura devido à falta de hospedagem na cidade.
Now Joseph also went up from Galilee, from the city of Nazareth, to Judea, to the city of David which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family of David, in order to register along with Mary, who was betrothed to him, and was pregnant. While they were there, the time came for her to give birth. And she gave birth to her firstborn son; and she wrapped Him in cloths, and laid Him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.(Luke 2:4-7)
Após a visita dos pastores no nascimento do menino, Maria guardava todos esses fatos e meditava sobre eles em seu coração.
But Mary treasured all these things, pondering them in her heart.(Luke 2:19)
Quando Jesus foi apresentado no templo em Jerusalém, o profeta Simeão abençoou a família e advertiu Maria sobre o sofrimento futuro que ela enfrentaria ao testemunhar a rejeição que seu filho sofreria.
And Simeon blessed them and said to His mother Mary, "Behold, this Child is appointed for the fall and rise of many in Israel, and as a sign to be opposed— and a sword will pierce your own soul—to the end that thoughts from many hearts may be revealed."(Luke 2:34,35)
Aos doze anos de Jesus, durante a Páscoa em Jerusalém, Maria e José o encontraram no templo ouvindo os mestres, demonstrando a compreensão precoce que Cristo tinha de sua filiação divina.
When Joseph and Mary saw Him, they were bewildered; and His mother said to Him, "Son, why have You treated us this way? Behold, Your father and I have been anxiously looking for You!" And He said to them, "Why is it that you were looking for Me? Did you not know that I had to be in My Father’s house?"And yet they on their part did not understand the statement which He had made to them. And He went down with them and came to Nazareth, and He continued to be subject to them; and His mother treasured all thesethings in her heart.(Luke 2:48-51)
Maria no ministério de Jesus e na igreja primitiva
Durante o ministério público de Jesus, Maria esteve presente nas bodas de Caná da Galileia. Ao notar a falta de vinho, ela instruiu os servos a obedecerem às ordens de Cristo, ocasião do seu primeiro sinal milagroso.
When the wine ran out, the mother of Jesus *said to Him, "They have no wine." And Jesus *said to her, "What business do you have with Me, woman? My hour has not yet come."His mother *said to the servants, "Whatever He tells you, do it."(John 2:3-5)
Maria também acompanhou a crucificação de Jesus em Jerusalém. Na cruz, antes de morrer, Jesus confiou o sustento e os cuidados de sua mãe ao discípulo amado.
Now beside the cross of Jesus stood His mother, His mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene. So when Jesus saw His mother, and the disciple whom He loved standing nearby, He *said to His mother, "Woman, behold, your son!"Then He *said to the disciple, "Behold, your mother!" And from that hour the disciple took her into his own household.(John 19:25-27)
Os Evangelhos registram episódios em que a família de Jesus tentou falar com ele, momento em que Cristo enfatizou que a verdadeira família espiritual é composta por aqueles que fazem a vontade do Pai.
Then His mother and His brothers *came, and while standing outside they sent word to Him, calling for Him. And a crowd was sitting around Him, and they *said to Him, "Behold, Your mother and Your brothers are outside looking for You." Answering them, He *said, "Who are My mother and My brothers?"And looking around at those who were sitting around Him, He *said, "Here are My mother and My brothers!For whoever does the will of God, this is My brother, and sister, and mother."(Mark 3:31-35)
Os relatos do Novo Testamento mencionam também os irmãos e irmãs de Jesus, conhecidos pela comunidade local de Nazaré.
Is this not the carpenter’s son? Is His mother not called Mary, and His brothers, James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas? And His sisters, are they not all with us? Where then did this Man acquire all these things?"(Matthew 13:55,56)
Após a ressurreição e a ascensão de Jesus aos céus, Maria permaneceu reunida em contínua oração com os apóstolos e os irmãos de Jesus em Jerusalém, aguardando o derramamento do Espírito Santo no Pentecostes.
All these were continually devoting themselves with one mind to prayer, along with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with His brothers.(Acts 1:14)
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