Morte
A morte é a realidade que todos enfrentam, mas para o cristão ela não é o fim. A Bíblia ensina que Cristo venceu a morte e nos dá a esperança da ressurreição e da vida eterna.
Cristo venceu a morte
Onde está, ó morte, o teu aguilhão? Cristo destruiu o poder da morte e nos deu a vitória pela ressurreição.
«Ποῦ σου, Θάνατε, τὸ κέντρον; Ποῦ σου, ᾍδη, τὸ νῖκος;»35 (95.1%) HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ ∼ 623451 (2.9%) ¦ 123 θανατε 56 (0.5%) ¦ ∼ 623 θανατε 51 (𝕻46)ℵ(B)C,088 (1.2%) NU ¦ two other readings A (0.3%) Τὸ δὲ κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου ἡ ἁμαρτία, ἡ δὲ δύναμις τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ νόμος.
Τῷ δὲ Θεῷ χάρις τῷ διδόντι ¦ δοντι 𝕻46 [35%] ¦ two other readings [2%] ἡμῖν τὸ νῖκος διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.
Ἔσχατος ἐχθρὸς καταργεῖται ὁ θάνατος.
Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ δι᾿ ἀνθρώπου ὁ35 [97%] HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- 𝕻46ℵA,B [3%] NU θάνατος, καὶ δι᾿ ἀνθρώπου ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν.
Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐν τῷ Ἀδὰμ πάντες ἀποθνήσκουσιν, οὕτως καὶ ἐν τῷ Χριστῷ πάντες ζωοποιηθήσονται.
Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος· Εἰ γὰρ συναπεθάνομεν, καὶ συζήσομεν·
Μακάριος καὶ ἅγιος ὁ ἔχων μέρος ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει τῇ πρώτῃ· ἐπὶ τούτων ὁ δεύτερος θάνατος35 Ma,b,ept,f,g,h,i ℵA,CP,RP,HF,OC,NU ¦ ∼ 1312 Md,ept,g TR οὐκ ἔχει ἐξουσίαν, ἀλλ᾿ ἔσονται ἱερεῖς τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ βασιλεύσουσιν μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ35 Ma2/7,b,d,e,f,g,h,i ℵA,CP,RP,HF,OC,NU,TR ¦ μετα ταυτα Ma,f,g,i χίλια ¦ τα 1 ℵ[NU] ἔτη.
A esperança da vida eterna
Jesus disse: 'Eu sou a ressurreição e a vida.' Quem crê nele não está morto, mas apenas adormecido — e um dia despertará para a glória.
Εἶπεν αὐτῇ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· «Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ζωή. Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμέ, κἂν ἀποθάνῃ, ζήσεται· καὶ πᾶς ὁ ζῶν καὶ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. Πιστεύεις τοῦτο;»
Εἶπεν αὐτῇ ὁ Ἰησοῦς· «Ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ζωή. Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμέ, κἂν ἀποθάνῃ, ζήσεται· καὶ πᾶς ὁ ζῶν καὶ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ οὐ μὴ ἀποθάνῃ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. Πιστεύεις τοῦτο;»
Τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἐμὰ τῆς φωνῆς μου ἀκούει,35 𝕻75A,D [97%] CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ ακουουσιν 𝕻66ℵB,W [3%] NU κἀγὼ γινώσκω αὐτά, καὶ ἀκολουθοῦσίν μοι. Κἀγὼ ζωὴν αἰώνιον δίδωμι αὐτοῖς,35 𝕻66A,D (98.4%) CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ ∼ 3412 𝕻75ℵB,W (1.6%) NU καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀπόλωνται εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα· καὶ οὐχ ἁρπάσει τις αὐτὰ ἐκ τῆς χειρός μου.
Οὕτως35pt 𝕻63,66,75ℵA,B,W [60%] (I include this for the record, to show that the dropping of -ς before a consonant was not automatic.) γὰρ ἠγάπησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν κόσμον ὥστε τὸν Υἱὸν αὐτοῦ35 𝕻63A,T (97.5%) CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ --- 𝕻66,75ℵB,W (0.4%) NU ¦ long omissions (2.1%) [homoioteleuton] τὸν μονογενῆ ἔδωκεν, ἵνα πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν μὴ ἀπόληται, ἀλλ᾿ ἔχῃ ¦ εχει [30%] ζωὴν αἰώνιον.
Οὐ θέλομεν35 ℵA,B [95%] RP,HF,OC,CP,NU ¦ θελω [5%] TR δὲ ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν, ἀδελφοί, περὶ τῶν κεκοιμημένων,35 [97%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ κοιμωμενων ℵA,B [3%] NU ἵνα μὴ λυπῆσθε καθὼς καὶ οἱ λοιποί, οἱ μὴ ἔχοντες ἐλπίδα. Εἰ γὰρ πιστεύομεν ὅτι Ἰησοῦς ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη, οὕτως καὶ ὁ Θεὸς τοὺς κοιμηθέντας διὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἄξει σὺν αὐτῷ.
ὅτι αὐτὸς ὁ Κύριος—ἐν κελεύσματι, ἐν φωνῇ ἀρχαγγέλου καὶ ἐν σάλπιγγι Θεοῦ—καταβήσεται ἀπ᾿ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ οἱ νεκροὶ ἐν Χριστῷ ἀναστήσονται πρῶτον· ἔπειτα ἡμεῖς οἱ ζῶντες, οἱ περιλειπόμενοι, ἅμα σὺν αὐτοῖς ἁρπαγησόμεθα ἐν νεφέλαις εἰς ἀπάντησιν τοῦ Κυρίου εἰς ἀέρα. Καὶ οὕτως πάντοτε σὺν Κυρίῳ ἐσόμεθα.
Não temas a morte
Não temas os que matam o corpo. Para o cristão, viver é Cristo e morrer é lucro. O vale da sombra da morte não assusta quem caminha com o Pastor.
Καὶ μὴ φοβεῖσθε35 ℵC [95%] RP,HF,CP,NU ¦ φοβηθητε B,D,N,W [5%] OC,TR ¦ one other variant ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποκτενόντων35 N [95%] RP,HF,CP ¦ αποκτεννοντων ℵC,D,W [3%] OC,NU ¦ αποκτεινοντων B [2%] TR τὸ σῶμα, τὴν δὲ ψυχὴν μὴ δυναμένων ἀποκτεῖναι. Φοβήθητε35 D,N [99%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ φοβεισθε ℵB,C,W [1%] NU δὲ μᾶλλον τὸν δυνάμενον καὶ35 ℵB,C,D,N [50%] OC,CP,TR,NU ¦ 1 την W [50%] RP,HF ψυχὴν καὶ35 B,C,D [50%] OC,CP,TR,NU ¦ 1 το ℵW [50%] RP,HF σῶμα ἀπολέσαι ἐν Γεέννῃ.
Ὃς γὰρ ἂν35 D,W [99%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ εαν ℵB,C [1%] NU θέλῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ σῶσαι ἀπολέσει αὐτήν, ὃς δ᾿ ἂν ἀπολέσῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ εὑρήσει αὐτήν.
—ἐμοὶ γὰρ τὸ ζῆν Χριστὸς καὶ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος.
Συνέχομαι δὲ35 𝕻46ℵA,B [95%] RP,HF,OC,CP,NU ¦ γαρ [5%] TR ἐκ τῶν δύο· τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἔχων εἰς τὸ ἀναλῦσαι καὶ σὺν Χριστῷ εἶναι (πολλῷ35 ℵ [95%] RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ 1 γαρ (𝕻46)A,B,C [4%] OC[NU] ¦ ποσω [1%] (OC is in small print.) μᾶλλον κρεῖσσον) τὸ δὲ ἐπιμένειν ἐν35 𝕻46B [90%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP[NU] ¦ --- ℵA,C [10%] τῇ σαρκὶ ἀναγκαιότερον, δι᾿ ὑμᾶς.
Ἡμῶν γὰρ τὸ πολίτευμα ἐν οὐρανοῖς ὑπάρχει, ἐξ οὗ καὶ σωτῆρα ἀπεκδεχόμεθα, Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν· ὃς μετασχηματίσει τὸ σῶμα τῆς ταπεινώσεως ἡμῶν εἰς τὸ γενέσθαι αὐτὸ35 (90.2%) RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ 123 αυτω (3.2%) ¦ 123 αυτον (3.2%) ¦ 123 (0.8%) ¦ --- ℵA,B (2.5%) NU ¦ one other reading (0.2%) σύμμορφον τῷ σώματι τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ, κατὰ τὴν ἐνέργειαν τοῦ δύνασθαι αὐτὸν καὶ ὑποτάξαι ἑαυτῷ35 [80%] RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ αυτω ℵA,B [20%] OC,NU τὰ πάντα.
Ἐάν τε γὰρ ζῶμεν, τῷ Κυρίῳ ζῶμεν· ἐάν τε ἀποθνήσκωμεν,35 ℵB [67%] OC,RP,HF,TR,CP,NU ¦ αποθανωμεν C [30%] ¦ αποθνησκομεν A [3%] τῷ Κυρίῳ ἀποθνήσκομεν.35 A,B [77%] OC,RP,HF,TR,CP,NU ¦ αποθνησκωμεν ℵC [23%] Ἐάν τε οὖν ζῶμεν ἐάν τε ἀποθνήσκωμεν,35 ℵB,C [88%] OC,RP,HF,TR,CP,NU ¦ αποθνησκομεν A [12%] τοῦ Κυρίου ἐσμέν.
A eternidade nos aguarda
Deus enxugará toda lágrima. A morte será o último inimigo destruído. Para os salvos, a morte é a porta de entrada na presença eterna de Deus.
Καὶ ἤκουσα φωνῆς μεγάλης ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ¦ θρονου ℵA,NU λεγούσης· «Ἰδού, ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ Θεοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ σκηνώσει μετ᾿ αὐτῶν, καὶ αὐτοὶ λαὸς35 Ma,b,e,f,g,i CP,RP,HF,OC ¦ λαοι Md,e,h ℵA,NU,TR αὐτοῦ ἔσονται, καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Θεὸς ἔσται μετ᾿ αὐτῶν.35 Ma,bpt,e ℵ,CP,RP ¦ ∼ 231 Ma,bpt,f2/7,g,i HF,OC ¦ 123 θεος 3 Md,e,f,h(pt),i TR ¦ ∼ 2313 θεος A[NU] Καὶ ἐξαλείψει πᾶν35 Mbpt,d,e,f,g,h,ipt ℵ,CP,RP,NU ¦ ο θεος 1 Me A,TR ¦ απ αυτων 1 Ma,bpt,ipt HF ¦ απ αυτων ο θεος 1 OC (OC is in small print) δάκρυον ἀπὸ ¦ εκ ℵA,NU τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ ὁ θάνατος οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι, οὔτε πένθος οὔτε κραυγὴ οὔτε πόνος—οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι, ὅτι τὰ πρῶτα35 Ma,b,e,f,g,i CP,RP,HF,OC[NU]TR ¦ 2 γαρ 3 Md ¦ 23 Me,h A ¦ 2 προβατα ℵ ἀπῆλθον.»35 Ma,bpt,d,e,gpt,h,ipt CP,RP,OC,TR ¦ απηλθεν Ma,bpt,f,gpt,h,ipt ℵ,HF ¦ απηλθαν A,NU
Καὶ ἐξαλείψει πᾶν35 Mbpt,d,e,f,g,h,ipt ℵ,CP,RP,NU ¦ ο θεος 1 Me A,TR ¦ απ αυτων 1 Ma,bpt,ipt HF ¦ απ αυτων ο θεος 1 OC (OC is in small print) δάκρυον ἀπὸ ¦ εκ ℵA,NU τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν αὐτῶν, καὶ ὁ θάνατος οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι, οὔτε πένθος οὔτε κραυγὴ οὔτε πόνος—οὐκ ἔσται ἔτι, ὅτι τὰ πρῶτα35 Ma,b,e,f,g,i CP,RP,HF,OC[NU]TR ¦ 2 γαρ 3 Md ¦ 23 Me,h A ¦ 2 προβατα ℵ ἀπῆλθον.»35 Ma,bpt,d,e,gpt,h,ipt CP,RP,OC,TR ¦ απηλθεν Ma,bpt,f,gpt,h,ipt ℵ,HF ¦ απηλθαν A,NU
Καί, καθ᾿ ὅσον ἀπόκειται τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἅπαξ ἀποθανεῖν, μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο κρίσις,
Πέπεισμαι γὰρ ὅτι οὔτε θάνατος οὔτε ζωή, οὔτε ἄγγελοι οὔτε ἀρχαὶ οὔτε δυνάμεις, οὔτε ἐνεστῶτα οὔτε μέλλοντα,35 [95%] OC,RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ ∼ 34521 (δυναμις 𝕻46) (𝕻46)ℵA,B,C [3%] NU ¦ 123 [2%] οὔτε ὕψωμα οὔτε βάθος οὔτε τις κτίσις ἑτέρα δυνήσεται ἡμᾶς χωρίσαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Θεοῦ τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν.
Μόλις γὰρ ὑπὲρ δικαίου τις ἀποθανεῖται (ὑπὲρ γὰρ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ τάχα τις καὶ τολμᾷ ἀποθανεῖν), συνίστησιν δὲ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀγάπην εἰς ἡμᾶς ὁ Θεὸς ὅτι ἔτι ἁμαρτωλῶν ὄντων ἡμῶν Χριστὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἀπέθανεν.
Εἰ γὰρ τῷ τοῦ ἑνὸς παραπτώματι ὁ θάνατος ἐβασίλευσεν διὰ τοῦ ἑνός, πολλῷ μᾶλλον οἱ τὴν περισσείαν τῆς χάριτος καὶ τῆς δωρεᾶς τῆς δικαιοσύνης λαμβάνοντες ἐν ζωῇ βασιλεύσουσιν ¦ βασιλευουσιν [17%] διὰ τοῦ ἑνός, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.
Τὰ γὰρ ὀψώνια τῆς ἁμαρτίας θάνατος, τὸ δὲ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ ζωὴ αἰώνιος ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν.
A morte na perspectiva bíblica
Há tempo de nascer e tempo de morrer. A morte é realidade humana, mas Deus é Senhor tanto dos vivos quanto dos mortos.
Καὶ φωνήσας φωνῇ μεγάλῃ, ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν, «Πάτερ, εἰς χεῖράς σου παραθήσομαι35 [77%] CP,HF,RP,TR ¦ παρατιθεμαι 𝕻75ℵA,B,C,Q,W [11%] OC,NU ¦ παρατιθημι (D) [12%] τὸ πνεῦμά μου.» Καὶ ταῦτα35 A [83%] CP,HF,RP,TR,OC ¦ τουτο δε 𝕻75ℵB,C(D)W [1.5%] NU ¦ 1 τουτο Q [15.5%] εἰπὼν ἐξέπνευσεν.
Καὶ ἐν τῷ ᾍδῃ ἐπάρας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ, ὑπάρχων ἐν βασάνοις, ὁρᾷ τὸν35 A,N,W [99.5%] CP,HF,RP,TR,OC ¦ --- 𝕻75ℵB,D [0.5%] NU Ἁβραὰμ ἀπὸ μακρόθεν, καὶ Λάζαρον ἐν τοῖς κόλποις αὐτοῦ. Καὶ αὐτὸς φωνήσας εἶπεν, ‹Πάτερ Ἁβραάμ, ἐλέησόν με καὶ πέμψον Λάζαρον, ἵνα βάψῃ τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ δακτύλου αὐτοῦ ὕδατος καὶ καταψύξῃ τὴν γλῶσσάν μου· ὅτι ὀδυνῶμαι ἐν τῇ φλογὶ ταύτῃ.›
Εἶτα ἡ ἐπιθυμία, συλλαβοῦσα, τίκτει ἁμαρτίαν, ἡ δὲ ἁμαρτία ἀποτελεσθεῖσα, ἀποκύει θάνατον.