Ouvir: o que a Bíblia ensina sobre a escuta

O que significa ouvir na Bíblia

Na Bíblia, ouvir significa muito mais do que registrar sons: ouvir a Deus é prestar atenção, crer e colocar a mensagem em prática. Tanto no hebraico (shama) quanto no grego (akouo), o ato de ouvir está inseparavelmente ligado à obediência.

A fé cristã nasce dessa escuta atenta. Paulo explica que a confiança em Deus não surge do nada, mas de ouvir a mensagem de Cristo proclamada:

17 So then faith [is] by a report, and the report through a saying of God,(Romans 10:17)

14 How then will they call on [Him] in whom they did not believe? And how will they believe [on Him] of whom they did not hear? And how will they hear apart from one preaching?(Romans 10:14)

9 He who is having ears to hear—let him hear."(Matthew 13:9)

Ouvir e colocar em prática

Ouvir a instrução divina sem agir é considerado autoengano nas Escrituras. Jesus e Tiago insistem que a maturidade espiritual não se mede pela quantidade de ensino acumulado, mas pela disposição prática de edificar a vida sobre o que foi ouvido:

22 and become doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves,(James 1:22)

24 Therefore, everyone who hears these words of Mine, and does them, I will liken him to a wise man who built his house on the rock; 25 and the rain descended, and the streams came, and the winds blew, and they beat on that house, and it did not fall, for it had been founded on the rock. 26 And everyone who is hearing these words of Mine, and is not doing them, will be likened to a foolish man who built his house on the sand; 27 and the rain descended, and the streams came, and the winds blew, and they beat on that house, and it fell, and its fall was great."(Matthew 7:24-27)

28 And He said, "Indeed, rather, blessed those hearing the word of God, and keeping [it]!"(Luke 11:28)

9 the things that you also learned, and receive, and hear, and saw in me, do those, and the God of peace will be with you.(Philippians 4:9)

4 But He answering said, "It has been written: Man does not live on bread alone, but on every word coming forth from the mouth of God."(Matthew 4:4)

Como reconhecer a voz de Deus

Jesus usa a relação entre o pastor e o rebanho para ilustrar como os discípulos aprendem a discernir a sua voz. Esse reconhecimento depende de convivência constante, apego à palavra revelada e atenção à ação de Deus:

27 according as I said to you: My sheep hear My voice, and I know them, and they follow Me,(John 10:27)

24 Truly, truly, I say to you, he who is hearing My word, and is believing Him who sent Me, has continuous life, and he does not come into judgment, but has passed out of death into life. 25 Truly, truly, I say to you, [that] there comes an hour, and it now is, when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those having heard will live;(John 5:24,25)

20 behold, I have stood at the door, and I knock; if anyone may hear My voice, and may open the door, I will come in to him, and will dine with him, and he with Me.(Revelation 3:20)

4 you walk after your God YHWH, and you fear Him, and you keep His commands, and you listen to His voice, and you serve Him, and you cleave to Him.(Deuteronomy 13:4)

5 He, therefore, who is supplying the Spirit to you and working mighty acts among you—[is it] by works of law or by the hearing of faith?(Galatians 3:5)

A certeza de que Deus ouve a oração

A escuta bíblica é uma via de mão dupla. Deus não é indiferente às aflições humanas: Ele inclina os ouvidos para atender o clamor sincero dos que o buscam com humildade e confiança:

1 I have loved, because YHWH hears My voice, my supplication, 2 Because He has inclined His ear to me, || And during my days I call.(Psalms 116:1,2)

15 The eyes of YHWH [are] to the righteous, || And His ears to their cry.(Psalms 34:15)

6 In my adversity I call YHWH, || And I cry to my God. He hears my voice from His temple, || And My cry comes into His ears before Him.(Psalms 18:6)

14 And this is the boldness that we have toward Him, that if we may ask anything according to His will, He hears us,(1 John 5:14)

15 and if we have known that He hears us, whatever we may ask, we have known that we have the requests that we have requested from Him.(1 John 5:15)

12 And you have called Me, and have gone, and have prayed to Me, and I have listened to you,(Jeremiah 29:12)

3 Call to Me, and I answer you, indeed, I declare to you great and inaccessible things—you have not known them.(Jeremiah 33:3)

1 Behold, the hand of YHWH || Has not been shortened from saving, || Nor His ear heavy from hearing.(Isaiah 59:1)

3 YHWH, [in] the morning You hear my voice, || [In] the morning I set in array for You, || And I look out [expectantly].(Psalms 5:3)

8 Cause me to hear Your kindness in the morning, || For I have trusted in You, || Cause me to know the way that I go, || For I have lifted up my soul to You.(Psalms 143:8)

Sabedoria para ouvir os outros

A Bíblia também orienta a escuta nas relações humanas diárias. Precipitar-se para falar antes de ouvir é sinal de insensatez, enquanto a paciência para acolher conselhos, correções e dialogar em momentos de conflito preserva a paz e edifica o próximo:

19 So then, my beloved brothers, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to anger,(James 1:19)

13 Whoever is answering a matter before he hears, || It is folly to him—and shame.(Proverbs 18:13)

20 The wise in any matter finds good, || And whoever is trusting in YHWH, O his blessedness.(Proverbs 16:20)

17 A traveler to life [is] he who is keeping instruction, || And whoever is forsaking rebuke is erring.(Proverbs 10:17)

9 Whoever is turning his ear from hearing the Law, || Even his prayer [is] an abomination.(Proverbs 28:9)

5 Better to hear a rebuke of a wise man, || Than [for] a man to hear a song of fools,(Ecclesiastes 7:5)

15 And if your brother may sin against you, go and show him his fault between you and him alone, if he may hear you, you gained your brother; 16 and if he may not hear, take with you yet one or two, that by the mouth of two witnesses or three every word may stand. 17 And if he may not hear them, say [it] to the assembly, and if also the assembly he may not hear, let him be to you as the heathen man and the tax collector.(Matthew 18:15-17)