Marcos 13

8 Because nation will be raised against nation,*The verb is in the passive voice, so the necessary question is, who does the raising? and kingdom against kingdom; and there will be earthquakes in various places, and there will be famines and tumults.*In our day we have seen violence and looting in the wake of earthquakes and food shortages. Perhaps 1% of the Greek manuscripts, of objectively inferior quality, omit ‘and tumults’ (to be followed by NIV, NASB, LB, TEV, etc.). These things are the beginning of birth pains.*The Text has ‘birth pains’, so what is the ‘baby’? I suppose the ‘baby’ is the Messianic Kingdom.