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Adultério na Bíblia: o que diz o Antigo Testamento e Jesus

A lei do adultério no Antigo Testamento

A Bíblia define o adultério como a quebra da aliança conjugal por meio de relações íntimas fora do casamento, tratando-o como pecado grave contra o cônjuge e contra Deus. A proibição é expressa no sétimo mandamento entregue a Moisés, tornando a fidelidade no matrimônio um pilar central da lei bíblica.

And thou shalt not lie carnally with thy neighbour’s wife, to become unclean with her.(Leviticus 18:20)

And a man that committeth adultery with a man’s wife, who committeth adultery with his neighbour’s wife, — the adulterer and the adulteress shall certainly be put to death.(Leviticus 20:10)

Nos livros de sabedoria, o adultério é descrito como perda completa de juízo moral. A infidelidade destrói a integridade, traz vergonha pública e desfaz a paz familiar de forma irreversível.

Can a man take fire in his bosom, and his garments not be burned? Can one go upon hot coals, and his feet not be scorched? So he that goeth in to his neighbour’s wife: whosoever toucheth her shall not be innocent.(Proverbs 6:27-29)

Whoso committeth adultery with a woman is void of understanding: he that doeth it destroyeth his own soul. A wound and contempt shall he get; and his reproach shall not be wiped away. For jealousy is the rage of a man, and he will not spare in the day of vengeance; he will not regard any ransom, neither will he rest content though thou multipliest thy gifts.(Proverbs 6:32-35)

O que Jesus ensinou sobre o adultério

No Sermão do Monte, Jesus aprofunda o entendimento do mandamento: o adultério não se limita ao ato físico consumado, mas nasce no olhar intencional e no desejo alimentado no coração.

Ye have heard that it has been said, Thou shalt not commit adultery. But I say unto you, that every one who looks upon a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.(Matthew 5:27,28)

For out of the heart come forth evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witnessings, blasphemies;(Matthew 15:19)

Jesus também tratou da fidelidade conjugal ao ensinar sobre o divórcio, apontando que o casamento foi desenhado para ser uma aliança permanente e protegida.

But I say unto you, that whosoever shall put away his wife, except for cause of fornication, makes her commit adultery, and whosoever marries one that is put away commits adultery.(Matthew 5:32)

And he says to them, Whosoever shall put away his wife and shall marry another, commits adultery against her. And if a woman put away her husband and shall marry another, she commits adultery.(Mark 10:11,12)

Every one who puts away his wife and marries another commits adultery; and every one that marries one put away from a husband commits adultery.(Luke 16:18)

Diante da mulher surpreendida em adultério, Jesus demonstrou tanto a gravidade da lei quanto a extensão do perdão: Ele não minimizou o pecado, mas ofereceu acolhimento e ordenou o abandono daquela prática.

they say to him, Teacher, this woman has been taken in the very act, committing adultery. Now in the law Moses has commanded us to stone such; thou therefore, what sayest thou? But this they said proving him, that they might have something to accuse him of. But Jesus, having stooped down, wrote with his finger on the ground. But when they continued asking him, he lifted himself up and said to them, Let him that is without sin among you first cast the stone at her. And again stooping down he wrote on the ground. But they, having heard that, went out one by one beginning from the elder ones until the last; and Jesus was left alone and the woman standing there. And Jesus, lifting himself up and seeing no one but the woman, said to her, Woman, where are those thine accusers? Has no one condemned thee? And she said, No one, sir. And Jesus said to her, Neither do I condemn thee: go, and sin no more.(John 8:4-11)

Advertências e consequências nas Escrituras

O livro de Provérbios dedica diversos capítulos a advertir sobre o engano do adultério, que promete prazer imediato, mas termina em amargura, perda de honra e destruição espiritual.

— for her house inclineth unto death, and her paths unto the dead; none that go unto her return again, neither do they attain to the paths of life:(Proverbs 2:18,19)

For the lips of the strange woman drop honey, and her mouth is smoother than oil; but her end is bitter as wormwood, sharp as a two-edged sword. Her feet go down to death; her steps take hold on Sheol. Lest she should ponder the path of life, her ways wander, she knoweth not whither. And now, children, hearken unto me, and depart not from the words of my mouth. Remove thy way far from her, and come not nigh the door of her house: lest thou give thine honour unto others, and thy years unto the cruel;(Proverbs 5:3-9)

Remove thy way far from her, and come not nigh the door of her house: lest thou give thine honour unto others, and thy years unto the cruel; lest strangers be filled with thy wealth, and the fruits of thy toil come into the house of a stranger; and thou mourn in thine end, when thy flesh and thy body are consumed; and thou say, How have I hated instruction, and my heart despised reproof! and I have not hearkened unto the voice of my teachers, nor inclined mine ear to those that instructed me; I was well nigh in all evil in the midst of the congregation and assembly.(Proverbs 5:8-14)

As a lovely hind and a graceful roe, let her breasts satisfy thee at all times: be thou ravished continually with her love. And why shouldest thou, my son, be ravished with a strange woman, and embrace the bosom of a stranger?(Proverbs 5:19,20)

The mouth of strange women is a deep ditch: he with whom Jehovah is displeased shall fall therein.(Proverbs 22:14)

Nas cartas apostólicas, a orientação à igreja é clara: honrar o casamento, controlar os próprios desejos e fugir das ocasiões de pecado, buscando uma vida guiada pelo Espírito.

For this is the will of God, even your sanctification, that ye should abstain from fornication; that each of you know how to possess his own vessel in sanctification and honour, (not in passionate desire, even as the nations who know not God,)(1 Thessalonians 4:3-5)

Flee fornication. Every sin which a man may practise is without the body, but he that commits fornication sins against his own body.(1 Corinthians 6:18)

But I say, Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall no way fulfil flesh’s lust. For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh: and these things are opposed one to the other, that ye should not do those things which ye desire;(Galatians 5:16,17)

Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are fornication, uncleanness, licentiousness, idolatry, sorcery, hatred, strifes, jealousies, angers, contentions, disputes, schools of opinion, envyings, murders, drunkennesses, revels, and things like these; as to which I tell you beforehand, even as I also have said before, that they who do such things shall not inherit God’s kingdom.(Galatians 5:19-21)

Let marriage be held every way in honour, and the bed be undefiled; for fornicators and adulterers will God judge.(Hebrews 13:4)

A Bíblia também emprega o adultério em sentido figurado para alertar contra a infidelidade espiritual, quando o coração de quem professa fé se volta para os valores contrários a Deus.

Adulteresses, know ye not that friendship with the world is enmity with God? Whoever therefore is minded to be the friend of the world is constituted enemy of God.(James 4:4)

And I gave her time that she should repent, and she will not repent of her fornication. Behold, I cast her into a bed, and those that commit adultery with her into great tribulation, unless they repent of her works,(Revelation 2:21,22)

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