O significado de espírito na Bíblia: corpo, alma e fôlego
O que significa espírito na Bíblia
Na Bíblia, a palavra "espírito" traduz o hebraico ruach e o grego pneuma, que significam literalmente sopro, vento ou fôlego de vida. As Escrituras usam o termo principalmente em três sentidos: o sopro divino que concede vida biológica ao ser humano, a dimensão imaterial e profunda da pessoa (onde ocorrem a consciência e a comunhão com o Criador) e o próprio Deus — em especial a pessoa do Espírito Santo.
Diferente do corpo material, o espírito humano representa o íntimo do ser, a vida que volta a Deus quando o corpo morre:
Aho mwanduso ghendo Imulungu tsakalumba lilanga na isi Isi yose tsaikala yahela lilumbo na yahela ichinu. Ichisi tsachighubika ghamatsi ghane china chirefu ighaghubike chila hanu. Ghumuhe ghwe Imulungu tsangungali ghwoyungayunga mchanya mwe ghamatsi.(Ghumwanduso 1:1,2)
Lekeni iloho ili mghati mwa imunu,
ghumuhe ghwa Imulungu yana tsingufu ghugho ighumwing’a ukumanya.(Jó 32:8)
Umkumbuke ng’ana lutsabi lwa fetsa ludumke baye, na ng’ana libakuli lya nzahabu litulike baye, na ng’ana ichiha cha ghamatsi chutulike baye hana imbwibwi, na ng’ana lighuludumu lya ukukweghela ghamatsi lihinyike baye. Na ilukuli lwako lutsakuya kuna lidongo kwalilawile, na iloho yako itsomwihila Imulungu iyaiumbile.(Eclesiastes 12:6,7)
Ka apfila lukuli bila muhe lufa, pfipfo ukutoghola bila ghamatendo kufa.(Yakobu 2:26)
Kwaapfila mbuli tse Imulungu tsina ughima na ingupfu, tsotema kubita mmaghe ighutema kuno na kuno. Kuya tsakwingila mbaka hane ghumoyo na muhe, ka limaghe ilitema mbaka mghati mwa pfilungo na ulojo, kuya tsomanya ghaikwalangula na ghaibama mimoyo ye iwanu.(Waebulaniya 4:12)
Mleke kwihuwila wapfilongotsi wa isi,
awo wanu hela na ng’awodaha baye ukuwakombola.
Yang’afa, kakuya mna litimwisi mwalawile,
na chila chinu chayabamile ukutenda chotsighila baho.(Salmos 146:3,4)
O conflito entre a carne e o espírito
No Novo Testamento, os autores bíblicos contrastam com frequência o espírito e a "carne". Enquanto "carne" descreve a natureza humana inclinada ao pecado e marcada pela fragilidade moral, o "espírito" renovado por Deus inclina a pessoa a obedecer à vontade do Criador.
No Getsêmani, Jesus apontou essa fragilidade ao advertir os apóstolos a orar e vigiar, pois a disposição interior não anula a fraqueza humana sem a dependência de Deus:
"Mkale meso, mlombe ili mleke kwingila mne maghetso, ghumoyo ghwobama, lekeni lukuli lwahela ingupfu."(Matei 26:41)
Lelo nolonga pfino, mlekeni Ghumuhe we Imulungu yalongotse ughima wenu, namwe ng’amtsotimitsa soyoka tse nzambi itsili mghati mwenu.(Wagalatiya 5:16)
Mana soyoka tse nzambi itsili mghati mwenu ng’atsimtoghola Ghumuhe we Imulungu, na Ghumuhe we Imulungu ng’otsitoghola bae soyoka atso itsili mghati mwetu, pfinu pfino pfibili pfesonga, apfo ng’amtsotenda chochose chambama muwenyegho.(Wagalatiya 5:17)
Lekeni imunu iyolongotsighwa ne Ghumuhe we Imulungu katsokuwa na unoghelo na ndeng’elelo na tindiwalo na ukududumila na unu unoghile na ghumoyo wa kulapfa na wakutogholighwa na mhole na iyetawala imwenyegho, kuduhu Ghamalaghitso ighopinga ipfinu apfo.(Wagalatiya 5:22,23)
Ghumuhe katwing’a ughima, lelo tumleke pfipfila yalongotse ughima wetu.(Wagalatiya 5:25)
Kwaapfila mbutsi itsilongotsighwa na lukuli lune nzambi tsoghala lifwa, lekeni mbutsi itsilongotsighwa na Ghumuhe tsoghala ughima na tindiwalo.(Waroma 8:6)
Sale tsangu, kwaapfila tunagho malaghano. Apfo twideghete kulawa mna ghose ighoutenda ghumuhe na lukuli wihe, tuwe wenzeluka ghendo kwa kumpfuka Imulungu.(2 Wakolinto 7:1)
A habitação do Espírito Santo no crente
A teologia bíblica ensina que a vida cristã não se sustenta no esforço puramente humano. A partir da fé em Cristo, o Espírito Santo passa a habitar no interior do crente, transformando seu corpo em templo e dando testemunho de que ele foi adotado como filho de Deus:
Apfi ng’ammanyile bae ka ng’uli tsenu tsa ing’anda ye Ghumuhe Mwenzeluka, iyali mghati mwenu, iyamumbokele kulawa kwe Imulungu? Apfo mwemwe mwa wanu we Imulungu. Kwaapfila tsamghulighwa kwa bei ng’ulu, apfo mumtunye Imulungu kwa ng’uli tsenu.(1 Wakolinto 6:19,20)
Lekeni ayula yelunga na Imtwatsa kakuwa naye kwa muhe.(1 Wakolinto 6:17)
Yuhi iyodaha kumanya aghala ighali mghati mwe imunu ka si muhe iuli mghati mwake mwenyegho? Pfipfila kuduhu iyomanya ipfinu pfe Imulungu ila Ghumuhe we Imulungu.(1 Wakolinto 2:11)
Lekeni ka Kiristu ka mghati mwenu, Ghumuhe komwing’ani ughima, kwaapfila mwemwe mpetighwa ne Imulungu mnogha hata ka ng’uli tsenu tsitsoifila nzambi.(Waroma 8:10)
Mana awala wose iwolongotsighwa na Ghumuhe we Imulungu awo iwo iwana wa Imulungu.(Waroma 8:14)
Kwaapfila ng’ambokele bae Ghumuhe iyowatenda muwe watumwa keli wa kupfuka, lekeni mbokela Ghumuhe iyowatenda muwe iwana wa Imulungu. Apfo twokemelela, "Aba, Aba!" Ghumuhe we Imulungu mwenyegho kolongesa hamwe na muhe tsetu ka twetwe twa iwana we Imulungu.(Waroma 8:15,16)
Pfipfila, Ghumuhe kotwapfila twetwe mna ukuhungukighwa kwetu. Ng’atumanyile bae ukulomba ka pfaibamighwa, lekeni Ghumuhe imwenyegho kotulombela twetwe kwa kughutilila ing’akudaha kulongighwa.(Waroma 8:26)
Nomlomba Imulungu kwa utunitso wake mkulu, kubitila Ghumuhe wake yamwing’eni ingupfu ye ukwima ghendo mna mimoyo yenu, naye Kiristu akale mne mimoyo yenu kwa ukutoghola. Nomlombelani ghoghose ighamtenda ghalawile mne unoghelo ghendo,(Waefeso 3:16,17)
noghendelela kumlomba Aba wa utunitso, Imulungu we Imtwatsa wetu Yesu Kiristu, yamwing’eni Ghumuhe wake iyatsowatenda muwe na inzewele na kumghubulilani ili mdahe kummanya Imulungu pfinoghile.(Waefeso 1:17)
Apfi pfipfo pfatumanya ka twokala mghati mwe Imulungu naye kokala mghati mwetu, kwaapfila katwing’a Ghumuhe wake.(1 Yohane 4:13)
Ka mwemwe imwihile, mwomanya kuweng’a ipfinu pfinonoghile iwanenu, apfi Aba wenu yali kulanga ng’atsoweng’a bae Ghumuhe Mwenzeluka iwanu wala iwomlomba?"(Luka 11:13)
Kuya, pfilawila ipfinu ipfikoneka ka milambi ya ghumoto, napfo pfipwililika na kukala mchanya mwa chila imunu. Wose tsawamemesighwa Ghumuhe Mwenzeluka, wandusa kulonga lugha tsingi ka Ghumuhe Mwenzeluka pfayawatendile wadahe kulonga.(Ghamatendo 2:3,4)
Kwaapfila nomanya kwa kulomba kwenu na kwa ukwapfilighwa na Ghumuhe ghwe Yesu Kiristu nitsolekelelighwa.(Wafilipi 1:19)
Imulungu yane lolelo, yamwing’eni ndeng’elelo na tindiwalo ka pfamtoghola, lolelo lyenu lyongetseke kwa ngupfu ya Ghumuhe Mwenzeluka.(Waroma 15:13)
Adoração em espírito e renovação da mente
Ao conversar com a mulher samaritana, Jesus afirmou que Deus é espírito. Isso significa que o relacionamento com o Criador não está preso a montanhas, ritos exteriores ou templos locais, mas exige sinceridade interior e conformidade com a verdade bíblica:
Lekeni matsuwa ghakutsa, na sambi ghabaha, iwanu wa kweli iwoabudu watsomuabudu Baba kwa kulongotsighwa na Iloho na ukweli, kwaapfila iwanu ka awo wawo Baba wayobama wamuabudu. Ambe Imulungu Loho, apfo iwanu wake iwomuabudu wobamighwa wamuabudu mna Iloho na ukweli."(Yohana 4:23,24)
Lelo nitendetse? Nitsolomba kwa ghumuhe wangu, pfipfila nitsolomba kwa mbutsi tsangu, nitsakwimba kwa ghumuhe wangu, pfipfila nitsakwimba kwa mbutsi tsangu.(1 Wakolinto 14:15)
Mleke kuleghela hamumsang’anila Imtwatsa, msang’anileni kwa ghumoyo wenu wose.(Waroma 12:11)
Lekeni twetwe wose tune pfihanga ing’apfighubikwe bae, twakona ka mne chilolelo utunitso we Imtwatsa, na twetwe twotendighwa twighale naye kwa kongetseka mne utunitso iulawa kwe Imtwatsa, ayo iyo Ghumuhe.(2 Wakolinto 3:18)
Mana Imulungu ng’atwing’ile bae muhe wa kututenda tupfuke, ila muhe wa ingupfu na wa unoghelo na wa ghumoyo wa kwilongotsa wenyegho.(2 Timoteo 1:7)
Uluso we Imtwatsa Yesu Kiristu ukale namwe mwose.(Wafilipi 4:23)
As promessas proféticas e o discernimento
Os profetas do Antigo Testamento anunciaram que Deus colocaria um espírito novo e retiraria o coração insensível de Seu povo. O texto sagrado também orienta o crente a exercer domínio sobre as próprias reações e a discernir as influências espirituais à luz da Palavra:
Lelo tegheletseni achi chaniwakanya, na nene nitsowamwaghila iloho yangu, na kughatenda ghamalonga ghangu ghamanyike kuna mwemwe.(Ng'ungo 1:23)
Chila nzila ya munu yakoneka inogha mnange mwake, lekeni IMNDEWA kolinga ighali mna tsiloho tsa iwanu.(Ng'ungo 16:2)
Ichidandali chomlongotsa imunu mna ukukomighwa, na ghamaghodo nagho ghomlongotsa imunu mna ukughwa. Ng’apfu woneke kwa mdodo hamwe na awala iwaonelighwe, kubita ukwigholela ipfinu ipfibokighwe hamwe na awala wana ichidandali.(Ng'ungo 16:18,19)
Ayula ing’ayosumka baye kughudubuka kanogha kubita ayula yana libapfu, kwilongotsa ghumweegho kubita kukuboka ghumji.(Ng'ungo 16:32)
Itala ya IMNDEWA yokaghula ghumoyo ghwa imunu, yokaghula mbaka mghati ghendo mwa imunu.(Ng'ungo 20:27)
Sale tsangu, mleke kumtoghola chila munu iyolonga kolongotsighwa na Ghumuhe we Imulungu, ila mumghetse mlole ka imunu ayo kolongotsighwa ne Ghumuhe we Imulungu au bae, kwaapfila manabii wengi we ughutsu walawila muisi.(1 Yohane 4:1)
Nene mbona pfinogha niwalongele ipfitango na ipfinu pfa ukukangawatsa pfayanitendele Imulungu iyali kuchanya ng’ani. Pfitango pfake pfikulu na ipfinu pfake pfa ukukangawatsa napfo pfikulu ng’ani! Ufalume wake wokala matsuwa ghose ing’aghohupa, na ukulu wake wokala kulawa lweleko lumwe mbaka lweleko lungi.(Daniel 4:2,3)
A postura correta diante de Deus: humildade de espírito
A Bíblia destaca que Deus acolhe quem reconhece a própria dependência e necessidade de perdão. Quando o rei Davi se arrependeu de seus pecados graves, ele pediu não poder terreno, mas a renovação de um espírito íntegro em seu interior:
Ghwe Imulungu, uniumbile moyo ghwelile,
wike iloho ya sambisambi na itogholeka mghati mwangu.
Uleke kunyasa kulawa hauli,
wala Iloho yako yelile uleke kuniboka.
Umbuyitsile ukudeng’elela ikulawa mna ukombotsi wako,
itende iloho yangu ikutoghole ghweghwe.(Salmos 51:10-12)
Tsinambiko tsa Imulungu iyo iloho ihondeke,
ghumoyo ighuhondeke na ghwa ukwihulumsa, ghwe Imulungu, ng’ughubetsa baye.(Salmos 51:17)
IMNDEWA kahabehi na iwanu awala iwatenyuke imimoyo,
na awala iwalihela chinu cha ukwihuwila.(Salmos 34:18)
Wabweda iwali wahingwa wa iloho,
kwaapfila ufalume wa kulanga wawo.(Matei 5:3)
Este artigo te tocou? Faça uma oração!
+581 estão orando agora.
Junte-se à corrente de oração.