Filho do Homem: o significado do título que Jesus usou
O que significa Filho do Homem
"Filho do Homem" é o título que Jesus mais usou para se referir a si mesmo nos Evangelhos. A expressão afirma sua humanidade real e, ao mesmo tempo, aponta para a figura celestial de Daniel 7, a quem Deus entrega autoridade sobre todos os povos e um reino que não terá fim.
Em vez de usar "Messias", termo que os judeus da época associavam a um líder político ou militar contra Roma, Jesus preferiu "Filho do Homem". O título permitia que ele expressasse três aspectos inseparáveis de sua missão: a fraqueza da vida humana na terra, a necessidade de sofrer e morrer pelo povo, e o papel final de juiz universal que volta com glória.
A origem profética em Daniel
O fundamento da expressão está na visão profética de Daniel, em que alguém semelhante a um ser humano entra na presença de Deus e recebe domínio eterno. Quando o Novo Testamento retoma essa imagem, confirma que essa autoridade foi dada a Jesus.
"I kept looking in the night visions,
And behold, with the clouds of heaven
One like a son of man was coming,
And He came up to the Ancient of Days
And was presented before Him.
"And to Him was given dominion,
Honor, and a kingdom,
So that all the peoples, nations, and populations of alllanguages
Might serve Him.
His dominion is an everlasting dominion
Which will not pass away;
And His kingdom is one
Which will not be destroyed.(Daniel 7:13,14)
and he said, "Behold, I see the heavens opened and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God."(Acts 7:56)
and in the middle of the lampstands I saw one like a son of man, clothed in a robe reaching to the feet, and wrapped around the chest with a golden sash.(Revelation 1:13)
Then I looked, and behold, a white cloud, and sitting on the cloud was one like a son of man, with a golden crown on His head and a sharp sickle in His hand.(Revelation 14:14)
Humanidade, serviço e sofrimento
No hebraico e no aramaico, a expressão comum "filho de homem" também designa um ser mortal em sua fragilidade. Jesus assumiu plenamente essa condição: viveu sem posses, veio para servir aos necessitados e anunciou repetidamente que o Filho do Homem seria traído, morto e sepultado antes de ressuscitar.
But someone has testified somewhere, saying,
"What is man, that You think of him?
Or a son of man, that You are concerned about him?(Hebrews 2:6)
And Jesus said to him, "The foxes have holes and the birds of the sky have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay His head."(Luke 9:58)
For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many."(Mark 10:45)
And He said, "The one who sows the good seed is the Son of Man,(Matthew 13:37)
for just as Jonah was in the stomach of the sea monster for three days and three nights, so will the Son of Man be in the heart of the earth for three days and three nights.(Matthew 12:40)
And while they were gathering together in Galilee, Jesus said to them, "The Son of Man is going to be handed over to men;(Matthew 17:22)
For He was teaching His disciples and telling them, "The Son of Man is to be handed over to men, and they will kill Him; and when He has been killed, He will rise three days later."(Mark 9:31)
Autoridade divina e juízo final
Mesmo em sua caminhada terrena, Jesus declarou que o Filho do Homem tinha prerrogativas que pertencem exclusivamente a Deus, como o poder de perdoar pecados. Os Evangelhos apontam que sua exaltação na cruz culmina na sua volta visível, quando ele julgará as nações com justiça.
But so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins," He said to the man who was paralyzed, "I say to you, get up, and pick up your stretcher, and go home."(Luke 5:24)
And He *said to him, "Truly, truly, I say to you, you will see heaven opened and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man."(John 1:51)
So Jesus said, "When you lift up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am, and I do nothing on My own, but I say these things as the Father instructed Me.(John 8:28)
For just like the lightning, when it flashes out of one part of the sky, shines to the other part of the sky, so will the Son of Man be in His day.(Luke 17:24)
For this reason you must be ready as well; for the Son of Man is coming at an hour when you do not think He will.(Matthew 24:44)
"But when the Son of Man comes in His glory, and all the angels with Him, then He will sit on His glorious throne.(Matthew 25:31)
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