Santa ceia
A Santa Ceia é uma das ordenanças mais sagradas da igreja cristã. Instituída por Jesus na última noite antes da crucificação, ela celebra seu sacrifício e proclama sua morte até que Ele volte.
A instituição por Jesus
Na noite em que foi traído, Jesus tomou o pão e o cálice, deu graças e os compartilhou com os discípulos, dizendo: 'Fazei isto em memória de mim.'
Ἐσθιόντων δὲ αὐτῶν, λαβὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὸν35 A,W [97%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ --- ℵB,C,D [3%] NU ἄρτον καὶ εὐλογήσας,35 𝕻45ℵB,C,D [30%] CP,TR,NU ¦ ευχαριστησας A,W [70%] RP,HF,OC ἔκλασεν καὶ ἐδίδου35 ℵA,C,W [97%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ δους 𝕻37B,D [3%] NU τοῖς μαθηταῖς καὶ35 A,C,W [97%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ --- 𝕻37ℵB,D [3%] NU εἶπεν, «Λάβετε, φάγετε· τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου.» Καὶ λαβὼν τὸ35 A,C,D [96%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ --- ℵB,W [4%] NU ποτήριον καὶ εὐχαριστήσας, ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς λέγων· «Πίετε ἐξ αὐτοῦ πάντες· τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου, τὸ τῆς καινῆς35 A,C,W [99%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ 2 𝕻37ℵB [1%] NU ¦ 23 D διαθήκης, τὸ περὶ πολλῶν ἐκχυνόμενον35 𝕻37W [90%] RP,HF,OC,CP,TR ¦ εκχυννομενον ℵA,B,C,D [10%] NU εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν.
Καὶ ἐσθιόντων αὐτῶν, λαβὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς35 ℵA,C [99.5%] HF,RP,CP,TR,OC ¦ --- B,D,W [0.5%] NU ἄρτον καὶ35 [25%] CP ¦ --- ℵA,B,C,D,W [75%] HF,RP,TR,OC,NU εὐλογήσας, ἔκλασεν καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς καὶ εἶπεν, «Λάβετε, φάγετε·35 [95%] HF,RP,CP,TR,OC ¦ --- ℵA,B,C,D,W [5%] NU (OC is in small print) τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου.» Καὶ λαβὼν τὸ35 A,W [93%] HF,RP,CP,TR,OC ¦ --- ℵB,C,D [7%] NU (OC is in small print) ποτήριον, εὐχαριστήσας ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἔπιον ἐξ αὐτοῦ πάντες. Καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· «Τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου, τὸ τῆς καινῆς35 A (85.5%) HF,RP,CP,TR,OC ¦ 23 (13.7%) ¦ 2 ℵB,C (0.4%) NU ¦ 12 D,W (0.2%) ¦ one other variant διαθήκης, τὸ περὶ πολλῶν ἐκχυνόμενον.35 [96%] HF,RP,CP,TR,OC ¦ 12 εκχυννομενον A [1%] ¦ υπερ 2 εκχυννομενον (D)W [0.5%] ¦ υπερ 23 [1%] ¦ ∼ εκχυννομενον υπερ 2 ℵB,C [1%] NU Ἀμὴν ¦ 1 δε [30%] λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι οὐκέτι οὐ μὴ πίω ἐκ τοῦ γενήματος35 ℵA,B,C,W [75%] HF,RP,CP,OC,NU ¦ γεννηματος D,Nv [25%] TR τῆς ἀμπέλου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης ὅταν αὐτὸ πίνω καινὸν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ.»
Καὶ λαβὼν ἄρτον, εὐχαριστήσας, ἔκλασεν καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς λέγων, «Τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου, τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διδόμενον· τοῦτο ποιεῖτε εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν.» Ὡσαύτως καὶ τὸ ποτήριον,35 A,N,W [99.5%] CP,HF,RP,TR,OC ¦ ∼ 2341 𝕻75vℵB [0.5%] NU ¦ D has long omission μετὰ τὸ δειπνῆσαι, λέγων· «Τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη ἐν τῷ αἵματί μου, τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐκχυνόμενον.35 N(W) [96.5%] CP,HF,RP,TR,OC ¦ εκχυννομενον ℵA,B,T [3.5%] NU
O significado espiritual
A Ceia é participação no corpo e no sangue de Cristo. Jesus ensinou que quem come de sua carne e bebe de seu sangue tem a vida eterna.
Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ζῶν ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβάς. Ἐάν τις φάγῃ ἐκ τούτου τοῦ ἄρτου, ζήσεται35 𝕻66B,C [99%] CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ ζησει ℵD,W [1%] NU εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα. Καί, ὁ ἄρτος δὲ ὃν ἐγὼ δώσω ἡ σάρξ μού ἐστιν, ἣν ἐγὼ δώσω ὑπὲρ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ζωῆς.»35 [99%] CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ 1 4,8 12 𝕻66,75vB,C,D,W [1%] NU ¦ ∼ 8-12,1-4 ℵ
Εἶπεν οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· «Ἀμήν, ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἐὰν μὴ φάγητε τὴν σάρκα τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ Ἀνθρώπου καὶ πίητε αὐτοῦ τὸ αἷμα, οὐκ ἔχετε ζωὴν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς. Ὁ τρώγων μου τὴν σάρκα καὶ πίνων μου τὸ αἷμα ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον, καὶ ἐγὼ35 [95%] CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ καγω 𝕻66,75ℵA,B,C,D,W [5%] NU ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν35 𝕻66,75ℵA,B,D,W [75%] CP,HF,RP,TR,NU ¦ 1 εν C [25%] OC τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ. Ἡ γὰρ σάρξ μου ἀληθῶς35 𝕻66(ℵ)(D) (74.3%) CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ αληθης 𝕻75B,C,T,W (24.5%) NU ¦ long omissions (1.2%) [homoioteleuton] ἐστιν βρῶσις, καὶ τὸ αἷμά μου ἀληθῶς35 𝕻66 (74.7%) CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ αληθης 𝕻75B,C,T,W (22.9%) NU ¦ --- (ℵ)(D) (1.2%) ¦ long omissions (1.2%) [homoioteleuton] ἐστιν πόσις. Ὁ τρώγων μου τὴν σάρκα καὶ πίνων μου τὸ αἷμα ἐν ἐμοὶ μένει κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ. Καθὼς ἀπέστειλέν με ὁ ζῶν Πατὴρ κἀγὼ ζῶ διὰ τὸν Πατέρα, καὶ ὁ τρώγων με, κἀκεῖνος ζήσεται35 𝕻66 W [90%] CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ ζησει 𝕻75ℵB,N [10%] NU ¦ ζη C,D δι᾿ ἐμέ. Οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐκ τοῦ35 𝕻66ℵD,N,W (99.6%) CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ εξ 𝕻75B,C,T (0.4%) NU οὐρανοῦ καταβάς—οὐ καθὼς ἔφαγον οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν35 ℵD,N (94%) CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ ημων (5.4%) ¦ --- 𝕻66,75B,C,T,W (0.6%) NU τὸ μάννα35 N (92.3%) CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ 12 εν τη ερημω (6.7%) ¦ --- 𝕻66,75ℵB,C,D,T,W (1%) NU καὶ ἀπέθανον· ὁ τρώγων μου35 [30%] CP ¦ --- 𝕻66,75ℵA,B,C,D,N,W [70%] HF,RP,OC,TR,NU τοῦτον τὸν ἄρτον ζήσεται35 𝕻66 D [85%] CP,HF,RP,OC,TR ¦ ζησει 𝕻75ℵB,C,N [15%] NU ¦ ζηση (W) εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα.»
καὶ εὐχαριστήσας ἔκλασεν καὶ εἶπεν· «Λάβετε, φάγετε·35 (91.4%) HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- (𝕻46)ℵA,B,C (8.3%) NU ¦ two long omissions (0.3%) τοῦτό μού ἐστιν τὸ σῶμα τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν κλώμενον·35 [98%] HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- 𝕻46ℵA,B,C [2%] NU τοῦτο ποιεῖτε εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν.» Ὡσαύτως καὶ τὸ ποτήριον, μετὰ τὸ δειπνῆσαι, λέγων· «Τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ αἵματι· τοῦτο ποιεῖτε, ὁσάκις ἂν35 [95%] HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ εαν 𝕻46vℵB,C [3%] NU ¦ long omission A [2%] πίνητε, εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν.» Ὁσάκις γὰρ ἂν35 [94%] HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ εαν ℵA,B,C [4%] NU ¦ --- [2%] ἐσθίητε τὸν ἄρτον τοῦτον καὶ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο35 𝕻46 [93%] HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- ℵA,B,C [7%] NU πίνητε, τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Κυρίου καταγγέλλετε ἄχρις οὗ ἂν35 [95%] HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ εαν [1%] ¦ --- 𝕻46ℵA,B,C [4%] NU ἔλθῃ.
Ὥστε ὃς ἂν ἐσθίῃ ¦ εσθιει [25%] ¦ three other readings 𝕻46 [1%] τὸν ἄρτον τοῦτον35 [93%] HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- 𝕻46ℵA,B,C [7%] NU ἢ πίνῃ ¦ πινει [13%] ¦ two other readings [1%] τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ Κυρίου ἀναξίως35 𝕻46A,B,C [70%] OC,TR,CP,NU ¦ 1 του κυριου ℵ [30%] RP,HF ἔνοχος ἔσται τοῦ σώματος καὶ τοῦ35 𝕻46ℵA,B,C [85%] HF,RP,CP,NU ¦ --- [10%] OC,TR ¦ long omission [5%] αἵματος τοῦ Κυρίου. Δοκιμαζέτω δὲ ἄνθρωπος ἑαυτόν, καὶ οὕτως ἐκ τοῦ ἄρτου ἐσθιέτω καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ποτηρίου πινέτω.
Ὁσάκις γὰρ ἂν35 [94%] HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ εαν ℵA,B,C [4%] NU ¦ --- [2%] ἐσθίητε τὸν ἄρτον τοῦτον καὶ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο35 𝕻46 [93%] HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- ℵA,B,C [7%] NU πίνητε, τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Κυρίου καταγγέλλετε ἄχρις οὗ ἂν35 [95%] HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ εαν [1%] ¦ --- 𝕻46ℵA,B,C [4%] NU ἔλθῃ.
A prática da Igreja
Desde os primeiros cristãos, a Ceia do Senhor é parte fundamental da vida comunitária da Igreja, celebrada com reverência e exame de consciência.
Ἦσαν δὲ προσκαρτεροῦντες τῇ διδαχῇ τῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ τῇ κοινωνίᾳ, καὶ35 [98%] HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- ℵA,B,C,D [2%] NU τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου καὶ ταῖς προσευχαῖς.
Ἐν δὲ τῇ μιᾷ τῶν σαββάτων, συνηγμένων τῶν μαθητῶν35 [93%] HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ ημων ℵA,B,D [7%] NU κλάσαι35 ℵA,B [95%] HF,RP,OC,CP,NU ¦ του 1 D [5%] TR ἄρτον, ὁ Παῦλος διελέγετο αὐτοῖς, μέλλων ¦ μελλον [12%] ἐξιέναι τῇ ἐπαύριον παρέτεινέν τε τὸν λόγον μέχρι μεσονυκτίου.
Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ κατακλιθῆναι αὐτὸν μετ᾿ αὐτῶν, λαβὼν τὸν ἄρτον εὐλόγησεν, καὶ κλάσας ἐπεδίδου αὐτοῖς.
Ὥστε ὃς ἂν ἐσθίῃ ¦ εσθιει [25%] ¦ three other readings 𝕻46 [1%] τὸν ἄρτον τοῦτον35 [93%] HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- 𝕻46ℵA,B,C [7%] NU ἢ πίνῃ ¦ πινει [13%] ¦ two other readings [1%] τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ Κυρίου ἀναξίως35 𝕻46A,B,C [70%] OC,TR,CP,NU ¦ 1 του κυριου ℵ [30%] RP,HF ἔνοχος ἔσται τοῦ σώματος καὶ τοῦ35 𝕻46ℵA,B,C [85%] HF,RP,CP,NU ¦ --- [10%] OC,TR ¦ long omission [5%] αἵματος τοῦ Κυρίου. Δοκιμαζέτω δὲ ἄνθρωπος ἑαυτόν, καὶ οὕτως ἐκ τοῦ ἄρτου ἐσθιέτω καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ποτηρίου πινέτω. Ὁ γὰρ ἐσθίων καὶ πίνων ἀναξίως35 (98%) HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- 𝕻46ℵA,B,C (1.5%) NU ¦ long omission (0.5%) κρῖμα ἑαυτῷ ἐσθίει καὶ πίνει, μὴ διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Κυρίου.35 (98%) HF,RP,OC,TR,CP ¦ --- 𝕻46ℵA,B,C (2%) NU