5 and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness,  * 1:5 Ps 89:37; Jn 18:37; Rv 2:13; 3:14 the firstborn from the dead  * 1:5 Ps 89:27; Ac 26:23; Rm 8:29; 1Co 15:20–23; Col 1:18 and the ruler of the kings of the earth.  * 1:5 Ps 89:27; Rv 17:14; 19:16

To him who loves us and has set us free  * 1:5 Other mss read has washed us from our sins by his blood,  * 1:5 Dt 7:8; Rm 8:2