5 and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness,  * 1:5 Ps 89:37; Jn 18:37; Rv 2:13; 3:14 the firstborn from the dead  * 1:5 Ps 89:27; Ac 26:23; Rm 8:29; 1Co 15:20–23; Col 1:18 and the ruler of the kings of the earth.  * 1:5 Ps 89:27; Rv 17:14; 19:16

To him who loves us and has set us free  * 1:5 Other mss read has washed us from our sins by his blood,  * 1:5 Dt 7:8; Rm 8:26 and made us a kingdom,  * 1:6 Other mss read kings and priests  * 1:6 Or made us into (or to be) a kingdom of priests; Ex 19:6,* 1:6 Ex 19:6; 1Pt 2:9; Rv 5:10; 20:6 to his God and Father — to him be glory and dominion forever and ever. Amen.  * 1:6 Rm 11:36; 1Pt 4:11; Jd 25; Rv 7:12