Leviticus 16

The Day of Atonement

1 The Lord spoke to Moses after the death of two of Aaron’s sons when they approached the presence  * 16:1 Gn 4:14 of  * 16:1 LXX, Tg, Syr, Vg read they brought strange fire before; Nm 3:4 the Lord and died.  * 16:1 Lv 10:1–22 The Lord said to Moses, "Tell your brother Aaron that he may not come whenever he wants into the holy place  * 16:2 Heb 6:19 behind the curtain  * 16:2 Mk 15:38 in front of the mercy seat  * 16:2 Ex 31:7 on the ark or else he will die, because I appear in the cloud  * 16:2 Ex 16:10 above the mercy seat.  * 16:2 Nm 7:89; 16:42; 1Kg 8:10–12; Heb 9:5

3 "Aaron is to enter the most holy place  * 16:3 Lv 4:1–12; Heb 9:7,24–25 in this way: with a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering.  * 16:3 Gn 22:2; Lv 3:5; Nm 6:11; Jos 8:31; 1Ch 16:1; Ps 20:3; Mc 6:64 He is to wear a holy linen tunic, and linen undergarments are to be on his body. He is to tie a linen sash around him and wrap his head with a linen turban.  * 16:4 Ex 28:42–43; Lv 6:10; 8:7–8; Ezk 44:17–19 These are holy garments; he must bathe his body with water before he wears them. 5 He is to take from the Israelite community two male goats for a sin offering and one ram for a burnt offering.  * 16:5 Lv 4:23–24; 8:18–21; 9:15

6 "Aaron will present the bull for his sin offering and make atonement for himself and his household. 7 Next he will take the two goats and place them before the Lord at the entrance to the tent of meeting. 8 After Aaron casts lots  * 16:8 Nm 26:55 for the two goats, one lot for the Lord and the other for an uninhabitable place,  * 16:8 Lit for Azazel, also in vv. 10 (2x),26,* 16:8 Traditionally "for the scapegoat"; perhaps a term that means "for the goat that departs," or "for removal," or "for a rough, difficult place," or "for a goat-demon"; Hb obscure, also in vv. 10,26,* 16:8 Lv 16:269 he is to present the goat chosen by lot for the Lord and sacrifice it as a sin offering.  * 16:9 Nm 29:1110 But the goat chosen by lot for an uninhabitable place is to be presented alive before the Lord to make atonement with it by sending it into the wilderness  * 16:10 Gn 14:6 for an uninhabitable place.

11 "When Aaron presents the bull for his sin offering and makes atonement for himself and his household, he will slaughter the bull for his sin offering. 12 Then he is to take a firepan full of blazing coals from the altar before the Lord and two handfuls of finely ground fragrant incense,  * 16:12 Nm 7:14 and bring them inside the curtain.  * 16:12 Mk 15:3813 He is to put the incense on the fire before the Lord, so that the cloud  * 16:13 Ex 16:10 of incense covers the mercy seat that is over the testimony,  * 16:13 Ex 31:18 or else he will die.  * 16:13 Lv 10:1; Nm 16:46–48; Ps 141:2; Rv 8:3–514 He is to take some of the bull’s blood  * 16:14 Heb 9:22 and sprinkle it with his finger against the east side of the mercy seat; then he will sprinkle some of the blood with his finger before the mercy seat seven times.  * 16:14 Lv 4:6; Heb 9:4–5

15 "When he slaughters the male goat for the people’s sin offering and brings its blood inside the curtain, he will do the same with its blood as he did with the bull’s blood: He is to sprinkle it against the mercy seat and in front of it. 16 He will make atonement for the most holy place in this way for all their sins because of the Israelites’ impurities and rebellious acts.  * 16:16 Ex 22:9 He will do the same for the tent of meeting that remains among them, because it is surrounded by their impurities. 17 No one may be in the tent of meeting from the time he enters to make atonement in the most holy place until he leaves after he has made atonement for himself, his household, and the whole assembly of Israel.  * 16:17 1Tm 2:5; Heb 9:718 Then he will go out to the altar that is before the Lord and make atonement for it. He is to take some of the bull’s blood and some of the goat’s blood and put it on the horns on all sides of the altar. 19 He is to sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times to cleanse and set it apart  * 16:19 Lv 8:10 from the Israelites’ impurities.  * 16:17–19 Heb 9:11–14

20 "When he has finished making atonement for the most holy place, the tent of meeting, and the altar, he is to present the live male goat. 21 Aaron will lay both his hands on the head of the live goat and confess  * 16:21 Lv 5:5; 26:40; Nm 5:7; 2Ch 30:22; Neh 1:6; 9:2; Dn 9:4,20 over it all the Israelites’ iniquities  * 16:21 Lv 5:1 and rebellious acts — all their sins.  * 16:21 Ezr 10:1; Neh 9:2–3; Dn 9:20; 2Co 5:21; Jms 5:16; 1Jn 1:9 He is to put them on the goat’s head and send it away into the wilderness  * 16:21 Lv 14:7 by the man appointed for the task.  * 16:21 Lit wilderness in the hand of a ready man22 The goat will carry all their iniquities into a desolate land,  * 16:22 Ps 103:12; Is 53:4,6,11–12; Jn 1:29; Heb 9:28; 1Pt 2:24; 1Jn 3:5 and the man will release it there.

23 "Then Aaron is to enter the tent of meeting, take off the linen garments  * 16:23 Lv 6:11 he wore when he entered the most holy place, and leave them there. 24 He will bathe his body with water in a holy place  * 16:24 Ex 29:31; Lv 6:16,26–27; 7:6; 10:13; 24:9; Ec 8:10; Ezk 42:13 and put on his clothes.  * 16:24 Lv 8:6–9 Then he must go out and sacrifice his burnt offering and the people’s burnt offering; he will make atonement for himself and for the people. 25 He is to burn the fat of the sin offering on the altar. 26 The man who released the goat for an uninhabitable place is to wash his clothes and bathe his body with water; afterward he may reenter the camp. 27 The bull for the sin offering and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought into the most holy place to make atonement, must be brought outside the camp  * 16:27 Lv 8:17 and their hide,  * 16:27 Lv 7:8 flesh, and waste burned.  * 16:27 Lv 4:11–12; Heb 13:11–1228 The one who burns them is to wash his clothes and bathe himself with water; afterward he may reenter the camp.

29 "This is to be a permanent statute  * 16:29 Ex 28:43; Lv 11:46 for you: In the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month you are to practice self-denial  * 16:29 Lv 23:27–32; Nm 29:7; Ps 35:13; Is 58:3,5; Dn 10:12 and do no work,  * 16:29 Ex 12:16; Lv 23:3,28,31; Nm 29:7; Jr 17:22 both the native and the alien  * 16:29 Ex 12:49; Lv 17:15; 18:26 who resides among you. 30 Atonement will be made for you on this day to cleanse you,  * 16:30 Lv 13:6 and you will be clean from all your sins before the Lord. 31 It is a Sabbath  * 16:31 Gn 2:2 of complete rest for you,  * 16:31 Ex 16:23; 31:15; 35:2; Lv 23:3,24,32,39; 25:4–5 and you must practice self-denial; it is a permanent statute. 32 The priest who is anointed and ordained  * 16:32 Lit and will fill his hand,* 16:32 Ex 29:33 to serve as high priest  * 16:32 Lv 8:12,33 in place of his father will make atonement. He will put on the linen garments, the holy garments, 33 and make atonement for the most holy place. He will make atonement for the tent of meeting and the altar and will make atonement for the priests and all the people of the assembly. 34 This is to be a permanent statute for you, to make atonement for the Israelites once a year  * 16:34 Heb 9:7 because of all their sins." And all this was done as the Lord commanded Moses.