1 "In the first year of Darius the Mede, *11:1 Lit my standing up wasI arose to be of *11:1 Lit a strengthenerassistance and a protection for him. 2 And now I will tell you the truth. Behold, three more kings are going to arise *11:2 Lit forin Persia. Then a fourth will gain far more riches than all of them; as soon as he becomes strong through his riches, *11:2 Or they all will stir up the realm of Greecehe will stir up the entire empire against the realm of *11:2 Heb JavanGreece. 3 And a mighty king will arise, and he will rule with great authority and do as he pleases. 4 But as soon as he has arisen, his kingdom will be broken up and parceled out toward the four *11:4 Lit winds of the heavenpoints of the compass, though not to his own descendants, nor according to his authority which he wielded, because his sovereignty will be removed and given to others besides *11:4 I.e., his descendantsthem.

5 "Then the king of the South will grow strong, *11:5 Lit andalong with one of his princes *11:5 Lit and hewho will gain ascendancy over him and rule; his domain will be a great realm indeed.6 And after some years they will form an alliance, and the daughter of the king of the South will come to the king of the North to reach an agreement. But she will not keep her *11:6 Lit strength of armposition of power, nor will he remain with his *11:6 Lit armpower, but she will be given up, along with those who brought her in and the one who fathered her as well as he who supported her in those times. 7 But one of the *11:7 Lit branch of her rootsdescendants of her line will arise in his place, and he will come against their army and enter the fortress of the king of the North, and he will deal with them and prevail. 8 And he will also take into captivity to Egypt their gods with their cast metal images and their precious vessels of silver and gold, and he on his part will *11:8 Lit stand from the kingrefrain from attacking the king of the North for some years. 9 Then *11:9 Lit he will, and so throughout the chthe latter will enter the realm of the king of the South, but will return to his own land.

10 "And his sons will mobilize and assemble a multitude of great forces; and one of them will keep on coming and overflow and pass through, so that he may *11:10 Or return and wageagain wage war up to his fortress. 11 And the king of the South will be enraged and go out and fight *11:11 Lit with him, withwith the king of the North. Then the latter will raise a great multitude, but that multitude will be handed over to *11:11 Lit his handthe former. 12 When the multitude is carried away, his heart will *11:12 Lit risebe haughty, and he will cause tens of thousands to fall; yet he will not prevail. 13 For the king of the North will again raise a greater multitude than the former, and *11:13 Lit at the end of the times, yearsafter an interval of some years he will *11:13 Or keep on comingpress on with a great army and much equipment.

14 "Now in those times many will rise up against the king of the South; the violent ones among your people will also raise themselves up to fulfill the vision, but they will *11:14 Lit stumble, and so throughout the chfall down. 15 Then the king of the North will come, pile up an assault ramp, and capture a well-fortified city; and the forces of the South will not stand their ground, not even *11:15 Lit the people of its choice onestheir choicest troops, for there will be no strength to make a stand. 16 But he who comes against him will do as he pleases, and no one will be able to withstand him; he will also stay for a time in the *11:16 I.e., IsraelBeautiful Land, with destruction in his hand. 17 And he will set his *11:17 Lit facemind on coming with the power of his entire kingdom, *11:17 Lit andbringing with him *11:17 Lit equitable thingsa proposal of peace which he will put into effect; he will also give him the daughter of women to ruin it. But she will not take a stand for him or be *11:17 Lit for him; i.e., for her fatheron his side. 18 Then he will turn his face to the coastlands and capture many. But a commander will put a stop to his taunting against him; moreover, he will repay him for his taunting. 19 So he will turn his face toward the fortresses of his own land, but he will stumble and fall and not be found.

20 "Then in his place one will arise who will allow an *11:20 Or tax collectoroppressor to pass through the *11:20 Lit splendor; i.e., prob. Jerusalem and its templeJewel of his kingdom; yet within a few days he will be broken, though not in anger nor in battle. 21 And in his place a despicable person will arise, on whom the majesty of kingship has not been conferred; but he will come in a time of tranquility and seize the kingdom by intrigue. 22 And the overflowing forces will be flooded away from him and smashed, and also the prince of the covenant. 23 After an alliance is made with him he will practice deception, and he will go up and gain power with a small force of people. 24 *11:24 Lit In tranquility and the rich...he will enterIn a time of tranquility he will enter the richest parts of the *11:24 Lit provincerealm, and he will accomplish what his fathers did not, nor his *11:24 Lit fathers’ fathersancestors; he will distribute plunder, spoils, and possessions among them, and he will devise his schemes against strongholds, but only for a time. 25 And he will stir up his strength and *11:25 Lit heartcourage against the king of the South with a large army; so the king of the South will mobilize an extremely large and mighty army for war; but he will not stand, because schemes will be devised against him. 26 Those who eat his choice food will *11:26 Lit breakdestroy him, and his army will *11:26 Or be swept away, and manyoverflow, but many will fall down slain. 27 As for both kings, their hearts will be intent on evil, and they will speak lies to each other at the same table; but it will not succeed, because the end is still to come at the appointed time. 28 Then he will return to his land with much *11:28 Lit propertyplunder; but his heart will be set against the holy covenant, and he will take action and then return to his own land.

29 "At the appointed time he will return and come into the South, but *11:29 Lit it will not happen as the first and as the lastthis last time it will not turn out the way it did before. 30 For ships of *11:30 I.e., CyprusKittim will come against him; therefore he will withdraw in fear and will return and curse the holy covenant and take action; so he will come back and pay attention to those who abandon the holy covenant. 31 Forces from him will arise, desecrate the sanctuary fortress, and do away with the regular sacrifice. And they will set up the abomination *11:31 Lit that makes desolate; or that causes horrorof desolation. 32 And by smooth words he will *11:32 Or ruin thoseturn to godlessness those who act wickedly toward the covenant, but the people who know their God will be strong and take action. 33 And *11:33 Or instructors of the people willthose who have insight among the people will give understanding to the many; yet they will fall by sword and by flame, by captivity and by plunder for many days. 34 Now when they fall they will be granted a little help, and many will join with them in hypocrisy. 35 And some of *11:35 Or the instructorsthose who have insight will fall, to refine, purge, and *11:35 Or whitencleanse them until the end time; because it is still to come at the appointed time.

36 "Then the king will do as he pleases, and he will exalt himself and boast against every god and will speak *11:36 Or amazingdreadful things against the God of gods; and he will be successful until the indignation is finished, because that which is determined will be done. 37 And he will show no regard for the *11:37 Or Godgods of his fathers or for the *11:37 Or darling ofdesire of women, nor will he show regard for any other god; for he will boast against them all. 38 But *11:38 Lit in his placeinstead he will honor a god of fortresses, a god whom his fathers did not know; he will honor him with gold, silver, precious stones, and treasures. 39 And he will take action against the strongest of fortresses with the help of a foreign god; he will give great honor to *11:39 Lit the one who acknowledgesthose who acknowledge him and will make them rulers over the many, and will parcel out land for a price.

40 "And at the end time the king of the South will wage war with him, and the king of the North will storm against him with chariots, horsemen, and with many ships; and he will enter countries, overflow them, and pass through. 41 He will also enter the *11:41 I.e., IsraelBeautiful Land, and many countries will fall; but these will be rescued out of his hand: Edom, Moab, and the foremost of the sons of Ammon. 42 Then he will reach out with his hand against other countries, and the land of Egypt will not escape. 43 But he will *11:43 Lit rule overgain control over the hidden treasures of gold and silver, and over all the precious things of Egypt; and Libyans and Ethiopians will follow at his *11:43 Lit footstepsheels. 44 But rumors from the East and from the North will terrify him, and he will go out with great wrath to eliminate and *11:44 Lit devote many to destructionannihilate many. 45 And he will pitch the tents of his royal pavilion between the seas and the beautiful Holy Mountain; yet he will come to his end, and no one will help him.