1 Maccabees 11

1 O rei do Egito reuniu um exército tão numeroso como a areia que cobre a praia do mar, bem como uma considerável frota, e por astúcia procurou apoderar-se do reino de Alexandre, para anexá-lo ao seu.

2 Chegou à Síria com pala­vras de paz. Por isso, os habitantes das cidades lhe abriam suas portas e lhe vinham ao seu encontro, porque o rei Alexandre havia mandado acolhê-lo, já que era seu sogro.

3 Mas Ptolomeu, logo que entrava numa cidade, deixava ali tropas para assegurar-se dela.

4 Quando se aproximou de Azoto, mostraram-lhe o templo de Dagon des­truído pelo fogo, a própria Azoto e os arrabaldes da cidade em ruínas, os cadáveres espalhados por terra e os restos calcinados daqueles que haviam sido queimados na guerra, postos em montes sobre seu caminho.

5 Acusaram igualmente Jônatas, contando ao rei tudo o que ele havia feito. Mas o rei guardou silêncio.

6 Jônatas veio-lhe ao encontro com pompa até Jope, onde se saudaram mutuamente e ali passaram a noite.

7 Em seguida, Jônatas acompanhou o rei até o rio, chamado Elêutero e voltou a Jerusalém.

8 O rei Ptolomeu estabeleceu assim seu poderio sobre todas as cidades, da costa até a cidade marítima de Selêucia, forjando maus desígnios contra Alexandre.

9 Mandou dizer ao rei Demétrio: "Vem, façamos juntos uma aliança; eu te darei minha filha, a mulher de Alexandre, e tu reinarás no reino de teu pai.

10 Lamento com razão ter-lhe dado minha filha, porque ele procurou matar-me".

11 E acusava-o assim porque cobiçava seu reino.

12 Retomou-lhe sua filha para dá-la a Demétrio, separando-se dele e manifestando-lhe assim sua inimizade pública.

13 Ptolomeu entrou em Antioquia e cingiu-se com um duplo diadema: o do Egito e o da Ásia.

14 Nesse ínterim, o rei Alexandre acha­va-se na Cilícia, cujos habitantes se haviam revoltado;

15 mas, logo avisado, veio para travar o combate. Ptolomeu fez sair seu exército, avançou com forças imponentes e o pôs em fuga.

16 Enquanto o rei Ptolomeu triunfava, Alexandre chegou à Arábia, para procurar ali um asilo,

17 mas o árabe Zabdiel mandou cortar-lhe a cabeça e enviou-a ao rei do Egito.

18 Ptolomeu morreu três dias depois. E as guarnições que ele havia posto nas fortalezas foram massacradas pelos habitantes das cidades vizinhas.

19 Demétrio começou a reinar pelo ano cento e sessenta e sete.

20 Nessa época, Jônatas convocou os homens da Judeia para atacar a fortaleza de Jerusalém e construiu, com esse intuito, numerosas máquinas de guerra.

21 Imediatamente alguns ímpios, animados de ódio para com sua própria nação, dirigiram-se ao rei e lhe contaram que Jônatas sitiava a fortaleza.

22 Com essa notícia, ele se irritou e, pondo-se logo a caminho, alcançou Ptolemaida. De lá escreveu a Jônatas que não atacasse a fortaleza e que viesse ter com ele o mais depressa possível, para conferenciar com ele.

23 Mas Jônatas, logo que recebeu a mensagem, deu ordem para continuar o cerco e, escolhendo alguns dos mais antigos de Israel e alguns sacerdotes, entregou-se ao perigo.

24 Levou consigo ouro, prata, vestes e inúmeros outros presentes e foi a Ptolemaida encontrar-se com o rei, ante o qual encontrou graça.

25 Com efeito, ainda que alguns renegados de sua nação o combatessem,

26 o rei tratou-o como o haviam feito seus predecessores e o exaltou à vista de seus cortesãos.

27 Confirmou-o no sumo sacerdócio e em todos os títulos que ele recebera anteriormente, e o considerou como um de seus primeiros amigos.

28 Jônatas pediu ao rei que lhe concedesse imunidade de impostos na Judeia e nos três distritos da Samaria, prometendo-lhe em troca trezentos talentos.

29 Consentiu o rei e escreveu a Jônatas sobre esse assunto uma carta assim lavrada:

30 "O rei Demétrio a seu irmão Jôna­tas e ao povo judeu, saudações!

31 Para vossa informação enviamos também a vós uma cópia da carta que escrevemos a vosso respeito a Lástenes, nosso parente:

32 ‘O rei Demétrio a seu pai Lástenes, saudações!

33 Resolvemos fazer bem à nação dos judeus, nossos leais amigos, em vista de seus bons sentimentos a nosso respeito.

34 Confirmamos-lhes, pois, a posse do território da Judeia e dos três distritos de Aferema, de Lida e Ramataim, arrebatados da Samaria, para serem anexados à Judeia. E todos os seus lucros pertencerão aos que sacrificam em Jerusalém, em lugar do tributo que a cada ano o rei cobrava dos frutos da terra e das árvores.

35 Desde agora, deixamos-lhes liberalmente tudo o que nos cabe do dízimo e do imposto, a taxa das salinas e as coroas que nos eram dadas.

36 Destas vontades nada será anulado, nem agora nem nunca’.

37 Cuidai, pois, agora, de fazer uma cópia e entregai-a a Jônatas, para que ela seja gravada e colocada na montanha santa".

38 Viu Demétrio que a terra estava tranquila diante dele e que nada lhe resistia. Foi por isso que ele licenciou seu exército e mandou seus soldados cada um para sua casa, com exceção das forças mercenárias que ele havia recrutado nas ilhas estrangeiras. Com essa decisão, ele desagradou todas as tropas de seus pais.

39 Todavia, Trifão, antigo partidário de Alexandre, verificando que todo o exército murmurava contra Demétrio, foi procurar Imalcué, o árabe que estava criando An­tíoco, o jovem filho de Alexandre.

40 Instou para que lhe entregasse o menino, a fim de fazê-lo reinar no lugar de seu pai, contando-lhe tudo o que havia feito Demétrio e a hostilidade que seu exército nutria contra ele. E lá se demorou muitos dias.

41 Nesse meio tempo, Jônatas mandou pedir ao rei Demétrio que retirasse as tropas que se achavam na fortaleza de Jerusalém e de outras fortalezas, porque elas guerrea­vam contra Israel.

42 Demétrio mandou a Jônatas esta resposta: "Não só farei isso por ti e por teu povo, mas cumularei de honras, a ti e a tua nação, assim que tiver ocasião.

43 Agora farias bem em me enviar homens em meu socorro, porque meus soldados me abandonaram".

44 No mesmo instante, enviou Jônatas a Antioquia três mil homens valorosos, que se ajuntaram ao rei, e este sentiu-se muito feliz com sua chegada.

45 Com efeito, os habitantes da cidade se uniram, em número de aproximadamente cento e vinte mil, com o intuito de matar o rei.

46 Este refugiou-se no seu palácio e o povo, ocupando as ruas da cidade, começou a atacar.

47 Então, o rei chamou os judeus em seu auxílio e todos se agruparam ao redor dele. Depois, espalharam-se pela cidade, matando nesse dia cerca de cem mil homens.

48 Incendiaram a cidade, apoderaram-se nesse mesmo dia de um numeroso espólio e salvaram o rei.

49 Os habitantes viram que os judeus faziam da cidade o que eles queriam e perderam a coragem. Por isso, puseram-se a bradar ao rei:

50 "Dai-nos a mão e que os judeus parem de combater, a nós e à cidade".

51 Lançaram, pois, suas armas e concluíram a paz, enquanto os judeus, cobertos de glória diante do rei e dos súditos, voltaram a Jerusalém com abun­dantes despojos.

52 Demétrio conservou seu trono e todo o país ficou tranquilo diante dele.

53 Todavia, ele desmentiu sua palavra, separou-se de Jônatas e não lhe pagou mais benevolência com benevolência; ao contrário, tratou-o muito mal.

54 Foi após esses acontecimentos que Trifão chegou com Antíoco, que, apesar de jovem ainda, tomou o título de rei e cingiu-se com o diadema.

55 Todas as forças que Demétrio havia despedido agruparam-se ao redor dele, para combater este último que virou as costas e fugiu.

56 Trifão apoderou-se dos elefantes e conquistou Antioquia.

57 O jovem Antíoco escreveu a Jônatas nestes termos: "Eu te confirmo no cargo de sumo sacerdote. Mantenho-te à frente dos quatro distritos e quero que estejas entre os amigos do rei".

58 Mandou-lhe também vasos de ouro, utensílios, e concedeu-lhe autorização para beber em taças de ouro, para vestir-se de púrpura, para trazer uma fivela de ouro.

59 Constituiu também seu irmão Simão governador da região que se estende da Escada de Tiro até as fronteiras do Egito.

60 Então, Jônatas pôs-se em campanha, atravessou o país ao longo do rio e percorreu as aldeias. As tropas sírias juntaram-se a ele para lutar a seu lado. Chegou assim a Ascalon, cujos habitantes saíram todos diante dele com sinais de honra.

61 De lá, seguiu para Gaza, que lhe fechou suas portas; investiu contra ela e pôs fogo nos arredores, depois de saqueá-los.

62 Os habitantes de Gaza imploraram então a Jônatas que lhes estendeu a mão, mas tomou como reféns os filhos dos nobres e os enviou a Jerusalém. Em seguida, atravessou o país até Damasco.

63 Soube Jônatas que os generais de Demétrio tinham chegado a Cedes, na Galileia, com um forte exército, com a intenção de pôr fim à sua atividade.

64 Foi contra eles e deixou na terra seu irmão Simão.

65 Este acampou contra Betsur, combateu por muito tempo e a sitiou.

66 Por fim, os habitantes pediram-lhe a paz. Ele concordou, mas os expulsou da cidade, da qual se apoderou, para estabelecer ali uma guarnição.

67 Jônatas acampou com seu exército perto do lago de Genesar e, pela manhã, muito cedo, penetrou na planície de Asor.

68 Logo o exército estrangeiro avançou contra ele na planície e prepararam emboscadas nas montanhas. Enquanto o exército marchava reto, para a frente,

69 as tropas de emboscada saíram de seu esconderijo e travaram a luta.

70 Todos os homens de Jônatas fugiram. Não ficou nenhum, a não ser Matatias, filho de Absalão, e Judas, filho de Calfi, chefe da milícia.

71 Jônatas rasgou suas vestes, cobriu a cabeça com pó e rezou;

72 em seguida, retornou à luta e fez recuar e fugir o adversário.

73 Os seus companheiros que fugiam perceberam-no e, retornando para junto dele, perseguiram com ele os inimigos até Cedes e seu acampamento. Ali se estabeleceram.

74 Naquele dia, morreram cerca de três mil estrangeiros. E Jônatas voltou a Jerusalém.

1 Then the king of Egypt gathered together great forces, as the sand which is by the sea shore, and many ships, and sought to make himself master of Alexander’s kingdom by deceit, and to add it to his own kingdom. 2 He went out into Syria with words of peace, and the people of the cities opened their gates to him and met him; for King Alexander’s command was that they should meet him, because he was his father-in-law. 3 Now as he entered into the cities of Ptolemais, he set his forces for a garrison in each city.

4 But when he came near to Azotus, they showed him the temple of Dagon burned with fire, and Azotus and its pasture lands destroyed, and the bodies cast out, and those who had been burned, whom he burned in the war, for they had made heaps of them in his way. 5 They told the king what Jonathan had done, that they might cast blame on him; but the king kept silent. 6 Jonathan met the king with pomp at Joppa, and they greeted one another, and they slept there. 7 Jonathan went with the king as far as the river that is called Eleutherus, then returned to Jerusalem.

8 But King Ptolemy took control of the cities along the sea coast, to Selucia which is by the sea, and he devised evil plans concerning Alexander. 9 He sent ambassadors to King Demetrius, saying, "Come! Let’s make a covenant with one another, and I will give you my daughter whom Alexander has, and you shall reign over your father’s kingdom; 10 for I regret that I gave my daughter to him, for he tried to kill me. 11 He accused him, because he coveted his kingdom. 12 Taking his daughter from him, he gave her to Demetrius, and was estranged from Alexander, and their enmity was openly seen.

13 Ptolemy entered into Antioch, and put on himself the crown of Asia. He put two crowns upon his head, the crown of Egypt and that of Asia. 14 But King Alexander was in Cilicia at that time, because the people of that region were in revolt. 15 When Alexander heard of it, he came against him in war. Ptolemy marched out and met him with a strong force, and put him to flight. 16 Alexander fled into Arabia, that he might be sheltered there; but King Ptolemy was triumphant. 17 Zabdiel the Arabian took off Alexander’s head, and sent it to Ptolemy. 18 King Ptolemy died the third day after, and those who were in his strongholds were slain by the inhabitants of the strongholds. 19 Demetrius became king in the one hundred sixty-seventh year.*11:19 circa B.C. 146.

20 In those days Jonathan gathered together the Judeans to take the citadel that was at Jerusalem. He made many engines of war to use against it. 21 Some lawless men who hated their own nation went to the king and reported to him that Jonathan was besieging the citadel. 22 He heard, and was angry, but when he heard it, he set out immediately, and came to Ptolemais, and wrote to Jonathan, that he should not besiege it, and that he should meet him and speak with him at Ptolemais with all speed.

23 But when Jonathan heard this, he gave orders to continue the siege. He chose some of the elders of Israel and of the priests, and put himself in peril 24 by taking silver, gold, clothing, and various other presents, and went to Ptolemais to the king. Then he found favor in his sight. 25 Some lawless men of those who were of the nation made complaints against him, 26 and the king did to him even as his predecessors had done to him, and exalted him in the sight of all his*11:26 See 1 Maccabees 2:18. friends, 27 and confirmed to him the high priesthood, and all the other honors that he had before, and gave him preeminence among his*11:27 See 1 Maccabees 10:65. chief friends. 28 And Jonathan requested of the king that he would make Judea free from tribute, along with the three*11:28 Gr. toparchies provinces and the country of Samaria, and promised him three hundred talents. 29 The king consented, and wrote letters to Jonathan concerning all these things as follows:

30 "King Demetrius to his brother Jonathan, and to the nation of the Jews, greetings. 31 The copy of the letter which we wrote to Lasthenes our kinsman concerning you, we have written also to you, that you may see it. 32 ‘King Demetrius to Lasthenes his father, greetings. 33 We have determined to do good to the nation of the Jews, who are our friends, and observe what is just toward us, because of their good will toward us. 34 We have confirmed therefore to them the borders of Judea, and also the three governments of Aphaerema, Lydda, and Ramathaim (these were added to Judea from the country of Samaria), and all their territory to them, for all who do sacrifice in Jerusalem, instead of the king’s dues which the king received of them yearly before from the produce of the earth and the fruits of trees. 35 As for the other payments to us from henceforth, of the tithes and the taxes that pertain to us, and the salt pits, and the crown taxes due to us, all these we will give back to them. 36 Not one of these grants shall be annulled from this time forth and forever. 37 Now therefore be careful to make a copy of these things, and let it be given to Jonathan, and let it be set up on the holy mountain in a suitable and conspicuous place.’"

38 When King Demetrius saw that the land was quiet before him, and that no resistance was made to him, he sent away all his troops, each man to his own place, except the foreign troops, which he had raised from the islands of the Gentiles. So all the troops of his fathers hated him. 39 Now Tryphon was one of those who previously had been on Alexander’s side, and he saw that all the forces murmured against Demetrius. So he went to Imalcue the Arabian, who was raising up Antiochus the young child of Alexander, 40 and urgently insisted to him that he should deliver him to him, that he might reign in his father’s place. He told him all that Demetrius had done, and the hatred with which his forces hated him; and he stayed there many days.

41 Now Jonathan sent to King Demetrius, that he should remove the troops of the citadel from Jerusalem, and the troops who were in the strongholds; for they fought against Israel continually. 42 Demetrius sent to Jonathan, saying, "I will not only do this for you and your nation, but I will greatly honor you and your nation, if I find an opportunity. 43 Now therefore you shall do well if you send me men who will fight for me; for all my forces have revolted." 44 So Jonathan sent him three thousand valiant men to Antioch. They came to the king, and the king was glad at their coming.

45 The people of the city gathered themselves together into the midst of the city, to the number of one hundred and twenty thousand men, and they wanted to kill the king. 46 The king fled into the court of the palace, and the people of the city seized the main streets of the city and began to fight. 47 The king called the Jews to help him, and they were gathered together to him all at once, and they dispersed themselves in the city, and killed that day about one hundred thousand. 48 They set the city on fire, and seized many spoils that day, and saved the king. 49 The people of the city saw that the Jews had taken control of the city as they pleased, and they became faint in their hearts, and they cried out to the king with supplication, saying, 50 "Give us your right hand, and let the Jews cease from fighting against us and the city." 51 They threw away their weapons and made peace. The Jews were glorified in the sight of the king, and before all who were in his kingdom. Then they returned to Jerusalem, having much plunder. 52 So King Demetrius sat on the throne of his kingdom, and the land was quiet before him. 53 He lied in all that he spoke, and estranged himself from Jonathan, and didn’t repay him according to the benefits with which he had repaid him, and treated him very harshly.

54 Now after this, Tryphon returned, and with him the young child Antiochus, who reigned and put on a crown. 55 All the forces which Demetrius had sent away with disgrace were gathered to him, and they fought against him, and he fled and was routed. 56 Tryphon took the elephants, and took control of Antioch. 57 The young Antiochus wrote to Jonathan, saying, "I confirm to you the high priesthood, and appoint you over the four districts, and to be one of the king’s*11:57 See 1 Maccabees 2:18. friends." 58 He sent to him golden vessels and furniture for the table, and gave him permission to drink in golden vessels, and to be clothed in purple, and to have a golden buckle. 59 He made his brother Simon governor from the Ladder of Tyre to the borders of Egypt.

60 Jonathan went out and took his journey beyond the river and through the cities. All the forces of Syria gathered themselves to him to be his allies. He came to Ascalon, and the people of the city met him honorably. 61 He departed from there to Gaza, and the people of Gaza shut him out. So he besieged it and burned its pasture lands with fire, and plundered them. 62 The people of Gaza pleaded with Jonathan, and he gave them his right hand, and took the sons of their princes for hostages, and sent them away to Jerusalem. Then he passed through the country as far as Damascus.

63 Then Jonathan heard that Demetrius’ princes had come to Kedesh, which is in Galilee, with a great army, intending to remove him from his office. 64 He went to meet them, but he left Simon his brother in the country. 65 Simon encamped against Bethsura, and fought against it many days, and hemmed it in. 66 They asked him to give them his right hand, and he gave it to them. He removed them from there, took possession of the city, and set a garrison over it.

67 Jonathan and his army encamped at the water of Gennesareth, and early in the morning they marched to the plain of Hazor. 68 Behold, an army of foreigners met him in the plain. They laid an ambush for him in the mountains, but they themselves met him face to face. 69 But those who lay in ambush rose out of their places and joined battle. All those who were on Jonathan’s side fled. 70 Not one of them was left, except Mattathias the son of Absalom, and Judas the son of Chalphi, captains of the forces. 71 Jonathan tore his clothes, put dirt on his head, and prayed. 72 He turned again to them in battle, and routed them, and they fled. 73 When the men on his side who had fled saw this, they returned to him and pursued with him to Kedesh to their camp, and they encamped there. 74 About three thousand men of the foreigners fell on that day. Then Jonathan returned to Jerusalem.