1 Paul, a bondservant of Jesus Christ, called an apostle, separated to the gospel of God2 which He promised before through His prophets in the Holy Scriptures,3 concerning His Son Jesus Christ our Lord, who was made of the seed of David according to the flesh,4 and defined as the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead.5 Through Him we have received grace and apostleship unto obedience of faith among all nations for His name,6 among whom you also are the called of Jesus Christ;7 to all who are in Rome, beloved of God, called saints: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.8 First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is spoken of throughout all the world.9 For God is my witness, whom I serve with my spirit in the gospel of His Son, that without ceasing I make mention of you always in my prayers,10 making request if, by any means now at last, I may prosper by the will of God to come to you.11 For I long to see you, that I may impart to you some spiritual gift, so that you may be strengthened;12 that is, that I may be encouraged together with you by the mutual faith both of you and me.13 Now I do not want you to be ignorant, brethren, that I often planned to come to you (but was prevented until now), that I might have some fruit among you also, just as among the other Gentiles.14 I am a debtor both to the Greeks and to the barbarians, both to the wise and to the unwise.15 So, as much as is in me, I am ready to preach the gospel to you who are in Rome also.16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ, for it is the power of God unto salvation to everyone who is believing, to the Jew first and also to the Greek.17 For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; even as it is written, The just shall live by faith.18 For the wrath of God is revealed from Heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who suppress the truth in unrighteousness,19 because what may be known of God is clearly recognized by them, for God has revealed it to them.20 For ever since the creation of the world the unseen things of Him are clearly perceived, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse,21 because, although they know God, they do not glorify Him as God, nor are thankful, but become vain in their reasonings, and their stupid hearts are darkened.22 Professing to be wise, they become foolish,23 and change the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like corruptible man, and birds and four-footed animals and creeping things.24 Therefore God also gives them up to uncleanness, in the lusts of their hearts, to dishonor their bodies among themselves,25 who change the truth of God into the lie, and fear and serve the created things more than the Creator, who is blessed forever. Amen.26 For this reason God gives them up to vile passions. For even their women change the natural use for what is contrary to nature.27 Likewise also the men, abandoning the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust toward one another, men with men performing what is shameful, and receiving the retribution within themselves, the penalty which is fitting for their error.28 And even as they do not like to have God in their full true knowledge, God gives them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting;29 being filled with every unrighteousness, sexual perversion, wickedness, covetousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, depravity; whisperers,30 defamers, haters of God, insolent, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,31 without understanding, untrustworthy, without natural affection, unforgiving, unmerciful;32 who, knowing the righteous judgment of God, that those who practice such things are deserving of death, not only do them, but also approve of those who practice them.

1 Poul, the seruaunt of Jhesu Crist, clepid an apostle, departid in to the gospel of God;2 which he hadde bihote tofore bi his profetis in holi scripturis of his sone,3 which is maad to hym of the seed of Dauid bi the flesch,4 and he was bifor ordeyned the sone of God in vertu, bi the spirit of halewyng of the ayenrisyng of deed men, of Jhesu Crist oure Lord,5 bi whom we han resseyued grace and the office of apostle, to obeie to the feith in alle folkis for his name,6 among whiche ye ben also clepid of Jhesu Crist,7 to alle that ben at Rome, derlyngis of God, and clepid hooli, grace to you, and pees of God oure fadir, and of the Lord Jhesu Crist.8 First Y do thankyngis to my God, bi Jhesu Crist, for alle you, for youre feith is schewid in al the world.9 For God is a witnesse to me, to whom Y serue in my spirit, in the gospel of his sone,10 that with outen ceessyng Y make mynde of you euere in my preieris, and biseche, if in ony maner sum tyme Y haue a spedi weie in the wille of God to come to you.11 For Y desire to se you, to parten sumwhat of spiritual grace,12 that ye be confermyd, that is, to be coumfortid togidere in you, bi feith that is bothe youre and myn togidere.13 And, britheren, Y nyle, that ye vnknowun, that ofte Y purposide to come to you, and Y am lett to this tyme, that Y haue sum fruyt in you, as in othere folkis.14 To Grekis and to barberyns, to wise men and to vnwise men,15 Y am dettour, so that that is in me is redi to preche the gospel also to you that ben at Rome.16 For Y schame not the gospel, for it is the vertu of God in to heelthe to ech man that bileueth, to the Jew first, and to the Greke.17 For the riytwisnesse of God is schewid in it, of feith in to feith,18 as it is writun, For a iust man lyueth of feith. For the wraththe of God is schewid fro heuene on al vnpite and wickidnesse of tho men, that withholden the treuthe of God in vnriytwisnes.19 For that thing of God that is knowun, is schewid to hem, for God hath schewid to hem.20 For the vnuysible thingis of hym, that ben vndurstondun, ben biholdun of the creature of the world, bi tho thingis that ben maad, yhe, and the euerlastynge vertu of hym and the godhed, so that thei mowe not be excusid.21 For whanne thei hadden knowe God, thei glorifieden hym not as God, nether diden thankyngis; but thei vanyschiden in her thouyts, and the vnwise herte of hem was derkid.22 For thei `seiynge that hem silf weren wise, thei weren maad foolis.23 And thei chaungiden the glorie of `God vncorruptible in to the licnesse of an ymage of a deedli man, and of briddis, and of foure footid beestis, and of serpentis.24 For which thing God bitook hem in to the desiris of her herte, in to vnclennesse, that thei punysche with wrongis her bodies in hem silf.25 The whiche chaungiden the treuthe of God in to leesyng, and herieden and serueden a creature rathere than to the creatoure, that is blessid in to worldis of worldis.26 Amen. Therfor God bitook hem in to passiouns of schenschipe. For the wymmen of hem chaungiden the kyndli vss in to that vss that is ayens kynde.27 Also the men forsoken the kyndli vss of womman, and brenneden in her desiris togidere, and men in to men wrouyten filthehed, and resseyueden in to hem silf the meede that bihofte of her errour.28 And as thei preueden that thei hadden not God in knowyng, God bitook hem in to a repreuable wit, that thei do tho thingis that ben not couenable; that thei ben fulfillid with al wickidnesse,29 malice, fornycacioun, coueitise, weiwardnesse, ful of enuye, mansleyngis, strijf, gile, yuel wille, preuy bacbiteris, detractouris,30 hateful to God, debateris, proude, and hiy ouer mesure, fynderis of yuele thingis, not obeschynge to fadir and modir,31 vnwise, vnmanerli, withouten loue, withouten boond of pees, with outen merci.32 The whiche whanne thei hadden knowe the riytwisnesse of God, vndirstoden not, that thei that don siche thingis ben worthi the deth, not oneli thei that don tho thingis, but also thei that consenten to the doeris.